The Writing Style Of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights is a novel that has been held in high regard due to the author, Emily Brontes incredibly skill and precision. Notably, the development, or lack thereof, of her intricately detailed characters holds readers captivated from page one. Utilizing her experience as an poet, Bronte does a beautiful job of depicting each emotion of her subjects using her lengthy, almost lyrical writing technique. Along with her writing style, the depth to her characters adds yet another level to this book. Bronte is not afraid to touch on subjects that were considered somewhat of a taboo at the time of it’s release. A strong and rebellious female lead was not received well and often compared to Jane Eyre, critics claimed, â€Å"only consolation which†¦show more content†¦The obvious difference in tone and description between the two estates play major roles in the mood and theme of the story. Wuthering Heights is the dull, angry, vengeful home that seems cursed from the introduction. Heathcliff is brought here and the facade of wealth and happiness is clear. He finds a friend in Catherine following Haretons departure to school. This friendship grows into a love that Catherine and Heathcliff believe is untouchable. This soon changes with the introduction of Edgar and Thrushcross Grange. This new estate helps bring out the negative connotation that the Wuthering Heights estate holds. Following the death of his wife, Haretons abusive nature is only encouraged by his new dependency on alcohol. This new component to the story on further enforces the negative energy surrounding the home. When Catherine decides that Edgar is to be her husband upon the long absence of Heathcliff, his abrupt return to find her married transforms his already sour disposition into that of vengeance and regret. While Thrushcross Grange witnesses a wedding and flourishing courtship in the absence of H eathcliff; Wuthering Heights fosters an alcoholic widower, only to be retaken by a depressed and miserable man still in infatuated with his married childhood lover. While Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange may just seem like esteemed names for the estates that are this books main focus, they serve asShow MoreRelatedEmily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Personal Influence on Wuthering Heights1820 Words   |  8 Pagesthe case in Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontà «. Although the novel is in itself fictional, Brontà « invites readers into her private life by the way in which she writes her novel. Literary elements are often taken into consideration when determining the value of a literary work. However, they offer more than just layers of complexity to a work. Brontà « uses countless metaphors to portray relevance to her own life. The ongoing comparison between the characters in Wuthering Heights and Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own life onlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Bronte s Wuthering Heights 1589 Words   |  7 PagesAnalysis Wuthering Heights Tramel – 2nd period November 4, 2016 Introduction The self-consuming nature of passion is mutually destructive and tragic. The gothic Victorian novel, Wuthering Heights, was written by Emily Bronte and published in 1847 where Bronte challenges ideas of religious hypocrisy, social classes, gender inequality and mortality. Wuthering Heights was first ill received being too much removed from the ordinary reality in the mid-nineteenth-century; however, Emily Bronte’s novel wasRead MoreThe Depth of Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights884 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights was written by Emily Bronte’. It would be the least to say her imagination was quite impressive. Through imagination as a child, Bronte’ and her sisters would write children stories, which inspired some popularly known novels. Wuthering Heights contains crossing genres, changing settings, multiple narrators, and unreliable narrators. George R. R. Martin wrote the book Game of Thrones, which is one of the modern day novels that contain several of Emi ly Bronte’s writing techniquesRead More The Narrative Structure of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness1152 Words   |  5 PagesThe Narrative Structure of Wuthering Heights and Heart of Darkness      Ã‚  Ã‚   Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte was first published in 1847, during the Victorian Era. Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad was first published as a complete novel in 1902, beginning what is referred to as the Modernist Era in literature. Each of these compelling stories is narrated by an uninvolved character who is quoting a story told to them by a character who actually participated in the story being told. There areRead MoreThe Lives of Emily and Charlotte Brontà «2000 Words   |  8 PagesEmily and Charlotte Brontà « retained exceptional novels throughout history. Their stories captivate the minds of readers alike, taking them to a world of dark, eerie hatred, and overcoming the obstacle faced with love and devotion. However, both sisters have diverse styles of writing. Charlotte Brontà « tends to use more humor through her works, while Emily Brontà « uses more satire along with a sardonic tone. T hey both come together to have somewhat similar themes, making th e moral of the story mentallyRead MoreEssay on Emily Brontes Wuthering Heights - A Truly Romantic Novel847 Words   |  4 PagesWuthering Heights - A Truly Romantic Novel    Wuthering Heights embodies the idea of a classical Romantic novel.  Ã‚   Written at a time when the novel was just becoming a popular form of entertainment/writing Wuthering Heights employs many of the typical elements of the Romantic writers.   There are elements of innovative experimentation in subject, form, and style, a mixing of genres, use of powerful emotions, and several traits that could also classify Wuthering Heights as a Dark RomanticRead MoreSympathetic Background in Wuthering Heights1044 Words   |  5 PagesHow does Emily Bronte use sympathetic background in Volume One to convey tragedy? Volume One contains a jittery narrative which is a mark of Bronte’s ominous style from which tragic events occur. With this jumping between events, there is an obvious foreshadowing of tragedy through a combination of pathetic fallacy, emotional symbolism and sympathetic background. Sympathetic background is the literary device where the surroundings mirror, mimic or elope with the emotions of the characters in itRead MoreCharlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢S Writing Was Considered Controversial1019 Words   |  5 PagesCharlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s writing was considered controversial because of the position of the main character being opposite of what was represented by women in the time period. Her style of writing was influenced by her life, her loss of several family members and her sister’s similar styles of writing. Charlotte Brontà « was brought up among terrible conditions, with much loss and change in her lifetime. Charlotte Brontà « was born on April 21, 1816 as the third daughter of Maria Branwell and Reverend PatrickRead MoreWuthering Heights by Emily Brontà « : A Perfect Misanthropist’s Heaven1585 Words   |  6 Pagesreason why the gothic style of literature and the arts has been culturally relevant ever since its precedent-setting works. It is that gothic literature tells the audience exactly what they do not want to hear about themselves. Most gothic artists/authors are brutally honest in how they depict human nature: greedy, sinister, and above all, hopeless. This essential element of gothic, with the inclusion of the supernatural, takes the main stage in Emily Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s Wuthering Heights. This story of romanceRead MorePride and Prejudice by Jane Austin Vs. Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte902 Words   |  4 Pages Darcy, handsome gentleman’s son from Pr ide Prejudice by Jane Austin, can be seen as a different role model when compared to Heathcliff in Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte. Both novels have a similar background but with a different twist. Austin’s description of writing is seen to be related to a more realistic and satire approach, whereas Bronte’s style seems to be a bit gothic. Furthermore, both novels have a romantic presentation of two very unique genders that fall deeply in love with one

Engineering Free Essays

Roles Professionalism By Ezer Yeboah-Boateng 1Quote of the Week //** ? Working together for the common good of society†¦ 2Outline ?Introduction ?Roles of Engineers ?Engineers the Environment ?Engineers as Professionals ?Engineers Today 3Books Resources ? Engineering Social Justice, by Donna Riley, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. ? Bridging the Gap Between Engineering the Global World: A Case Study of the Coconut (Coir) Fiber Industry in Kerala, India, by Shobha K. Bhatia Jennifer L. We will write a custom essay sample on Engineering or any similar topic only for you Order Now Smith, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. 45 Learning Outcomes To explain the various roles that engineers play in society; ? To appreciate the professionalism of engineers in contributing to society. ? To position engineers to be proactive in meeting societal needs. Introduction How do people perceive engineers? 6Introduction ? Whatever the popular perception of an engineer, this lesson will focus on different roles of, and played by, engineers. ? Not exactly life overwhelmed by: ? calculations, ? designs (structural, hydrological, chips, fuzzy systems control; cyber-security, etc. ), ? drawings, ? Analysis, ? supervision of construction etc. 7Introduction Life as an engineer is more than this, and sometime he plays roles which on first impression are not linked to their professional training. ? It is stressed that the training received as an engineer is part of the reasons which an engineer can display his versatility. The Engineer is versatile! 8Roles of Engineers Various roles played by engineers include: ? Managers ? Scientists ? Experts ? Politicians ? Academics ? Others 9Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? Who is a manager? ? Someone who plans, organizes, coordinates, controls, executes, and achieves the objectives that are entrusted upon him. Career progression ? Are engineers good managers? ? E. g. Alfred Sloan of General Motors – electrical engineer 10Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? The management gurus: many of them were trained as engineers! ? Michael E Porter – â€Å"competitive advantage† – aeronautical/mechanical engineer ? W. Edward Deming – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Joseph Juran – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Henry Mintzberg – â€Å"strategic management† – mechanical engineer ? Tom Peters – â€Å"Excellence† – civil engineer ? F. W. Taylor – â€Å"scientific management†, â€Å" time motion study† – mechanical engineer (? ) Henry Fayol – â€Å"Industrial management† – mining engineer ? Henry Gantt – â€Å"Gantt chart† – mechanical engineer 11Roles of Engineers Engineers as Scientists ? Science and engineering are interlinked; it would not be wrong to say that engineering is applied science. (Science is the theoretical foundation of engineering? ) ? Paul Dirac – 1933 Nobel Prize Winner in Physics – trained as an electrical engineer 12Roles of Engineers Engineers as experts ? E. g. Giving expert opinions in court as to what could have been the cause(s) of the issues in dispute: Highland Tower tragedy, Dingo baby case; ? Melcom Achimota building disaster Forensic study 13Roles of Engineers Engineers as politicians ? Almost the entire Chinese leadership are engineers! ? Hu Jintao, fmr. Chinese Prez – Hydraulic engineer ? Boris Yelsin, fmr. Russian President – civil engineer ? Pro f. De Graft Johnson, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (1979-81) – civil engineer ? Aliu Mahama, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (2001-09) – building tech 14Roles of Engineers Engineers in Politics: Picture of the world politicians†¦. 15Roles of Engineers Engineers as academics ? Need I say more? 16Roles of Engineers Others ? Engineers as salesmen ? Engineers as entrepreneurs ? Engineers as lawyers? Engineers as Reverends or Pastors ? Etc. 17Engineers the Environment ? Engineers don’t operate in a vacuum: ? They are part and parcel of the society; ? They exist to meet the needs of society; ? They harness the resources of society; ? The environment include: ? The economical and commercial environment ? The social environment ? The political environment: the globalized world ? The cultural environment ? The legal environment 18Engineers as Professionals ? What is the expectation and relationship of engineers vis-a-vis the society? ? The answer is the Professional Engineer! ? Who is a p rofessional? What is a â€Å"profession†? 5 aspects: i. Nature of work: intellectual, mental vs. manual, specialized skills and knowledge ii. Moral aspect: this goes beyond general honesty, integrity, codes of conduct and ethics, â€Å"self regulation† iii. Collective organization: professional association, entry and competence, â€Å"accreditation† and â€Å"recognition† – e. g. Ghana Act 819, 2011. iv. Status v. Impartiality and independence 19Engineers of Today ? Engineers owe responsibility to ? the general public: safety, environment ? direct consumers of the project ? fellow engineers ? clients e. g. government, industry ? Engineers owe duty to themselves ? which are inherent in their works and institution to which they belong ? legal requirements: professional negligence ? contractual duties ? â€Å"the greater good† 20Engineers of Today ? Today’s engineer must have exposure to other fields of knowledge and skills (besides his specialty) in order to be able to properly discharge his functions: ? communication and presentation skills: oral and written ? economics and finance ? law ? presentation of self! ? Paradigm shift: ? Engineers should not merely respond to need: ? They should create or anticipate the needs and be leaders of society. They should have foresights for â€Å"unfulfilled needs†. 21Project Topics ? How can you apply the principles of Human Engineering to address the Cyber-crime menace in Ghana? ? OR ? How can Tertiary Students contribute to the Digital Inclusion in Ghana? ? 15 points ? Deadline: March 29, 2013 22Thank You All!!! ?Any comments contributions 23Roles Professionalism By Ezer Yeboah-Boateng 1Quote of the Week //** ? Working together for the common good of society†¦ 2Outline ?Introduction ?Roles of Engineers ?Engineers the Environment ?Engineers as Professionals ?Engineers Today 3Books Resources Engineering Social Justice, by Donna Riley, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. ? B ridging the Gap Between Engineering the Global World: A Case Study of the Coconut (Coir) Fiber Industry in Kerala, India, by Shobha K. Bhatia Jennifer L. Smith, 2008; Morgan Claypool Publishers. 45 Learning Outcomes ? To explain the various roles that engineers play in society; ? To appreciate the professionalism of engineers in contributing to society. ? To position engineers to be proactive in meeting societal needs. Introduction How do people perceive engineers? 6Introduction Whatever the popular perception of an engineer, this lesson will focus on different roles of, and played by, engineers. ? Not exactly life overwhelmed by: ? calculations, ? designs (structural, hydrological, chips, fuzzy systems control; cyber-security, etc. ), ? drawings, ? Analysis, ? supervision of construction etc. 7Introduction ? Life as an engineer is more than this, and sometime he plays roles which on first impression are not linked to their professional training. ? It is stressed that the traini ng received as an engineer is part of the reasons which an engineer can display his versatility. The Engineer is versatile! Roles of Engineers Various roles played by engineers include: ? Managers ? Scientists ? Experts ? Politicians ? Academics ? Others 9Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? Who is a manager? ? Someone who plans, organizes, coordinates, controls, executes, and achieves the objectives that are entrusted upon him. ? Career progression ? Are engineers good managers? ? E. g. Alfred Sloan of General Motors – electrical engineer 10Roles of Engineers Engineers as Managers ? The management gurus: many of them were trained as engineers! ? Michael E Porter – â€Å"competitive advantage† – aeronautical/mechanical engineer ? W. Edward Deming – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Joseph Juran – â€Å"quality† – electrical engineer ? Henry Mintzberg – â€Å"strategic management† – mechanical engineer ? Tom Peters – â€Å"Excellence† – civil engineer ? F. W. Taylor – â€Å"scientific management†, â€Å"time motion study† – mechanical engineer (? ) ? Henry Fayol – â€Å"Industrial management† – mining engineer ? Henry Gantt – â€Å"Gantt chart† – mechanical engineer 11Roles of Engineers Engineers as Scientists ? Science and engineering are interlinked; it would not be wrong to say that engineering is applied science. (Science is the theoretical foundation of engineering? ) Paul Dirac – 1933 Nobel Prize Winner in Physics – trained as an electrical engineer 12Roles of Engineers Engineers as experts ? E. g. Giving expert opinions in court as to w hat could have been the cause(s) of the issues in dispute: Highland Tower tragedy, Dingo baby case; ? Melcom Achimota building disaster ? Forensic study 13Roles of Engineers Engineers as politicians ? Almost the entire Chinese leadership are engineers! ? Hu Jintao, fmr. Chinese Prez – Hydraulic engineer ? Boris Yelsin, fmr. Russian President – civil engineer ? Prof. De Graft Johnson, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (1979-81) – civil engineer ? Aliu Mahama, fmr. V. P. , Ghana (2001-09) – building tech 14Roles of Engineers Engineers in Politics: Picture of the world politicians†¦. 15Roles of Engineers Engineers as academics ? Need I say more? 16Roles of Engineers Others ? Engineers as salesmen ? Engineers as entrepreneurs ? Engineers as lawyers? ? Engineers as Reverends or Pastors ? Etc. 17Engineers the Environment ? Engineers don’t operate in a vacuum: ? They are part and parcel of the society; ? They exist to meet the needs of society; ? They harness the resources of society; ? The environment include: ? The economical and commercial environment ? The social environment The political environment: the globalized world ? The cultural environment ? The legal environment 18Engineers as Professionals ? What is the expectation and relationship of engineers vis-a-vis the society? ? The answer is the Professional Engineer! ? Who is a professional? What is a â€Å"profession†? 5 aspects: i. Nature of work: intellectual, me ntal vs. manual, specialized skills and knowledge ii. Moral aspect: this goes beyond general honesty, integrity, codes of conduct and ethics, â€Å"self regulation† iii. Collective organization: professional association, entry and competence, â€Å"accreditation† and â€Å"recognition† – e. . Ghana Act 819, 2011. iv. Status v. Impartiality and independence 19Engineers of Today ? Engineers owe responsibility to ? the general public: safety, environment ? direct consumers of the project ? fellow engineers ? clients e. g. government, industry ? Engineers owe duty ? to themselves ? which are inherent in their works and institution to which they belong ? legal requirements: professional negligence ? contractual duties ? â€Å"the greater good† 20Engineers of Today ? Today’s engineer must have exposure to other fields of knowledge and skills (besides his specialty) in order to be able to properly discharge is functions: ? communication and present ation skills: oral and written ? economics and finance ? law ? presentation of self! ? Paradigm shift: ? Engineers should not merely respond to need: ? They should create or anticipate the needs and be leaders of society. ? They should have foresights for â€Å"unfulfilled needs†. 21Project Topics ? How can you apply the principles of Human Engineering to address the Cyber-crime menace in Ghana? ? OR ? How can Tertiary Students contribute to the Digital Inclusion in Ghana? ? 15 points ? Deadline: March 29, 2013 22Thank You All!!! ?Any comments contributions 23 How to cite Engineering, Essay examples

Demographic Factors in Marketing free essay sample

Zumiez Bobbi Triolo BUS620: Managerial Marketing Instructor Susan Sasiadek 6/19/11 â€Å"Zumiez is a mall based specialty apparel store founded by Tom Campion and Gary Haackenson in 1978† (wikipedia. com, 2011). This store offers clothing and action sports gear for skaters, snowboarders and surfers, skateboarders and motocross racers. Zumiez corporate offices are in Everett, Washington, but there are currently 400 stores open in 37 states (zumiez. com, 2011).Looking at the demographic factors used in marketing Zumiez products, the stores products cater to men and women mostly between the ages of 12 and 24 who engage in the action sports lifestyle (zumiex. com, 2011). From a psychographic perspective, or psychological perspective of the potential customer, Zumiez has worked diligently to find those lifestyle interests that will entice the consumers and keep them coming back. Most of the Zumiez stores have couches and video games available for the customers while they are waiting for their products to be assembled or repaired.There is an ample supply of information on emerging trends and fashions, and because the stores are mall based, usually situated near a movie theatre, food court, or game store, they are able to attract that youthful population into the store, expanding their clientele base and increasing revenue (zumiez. com, 2011). Some of the other variables in psychographic segmentation include behavioral patterns, habits, opinions, perceptions of the selling company and hobbies (buzzle. com, 2011), all of which Zumiez appears to support in their marketing efforts.Looking at this company from a geographical marketing standpoint, positioning their stores inside mall locations is a huge geographic plus for attracting business. However, with 400 stores in 37 states, and the diverse products this company sells, they are able to make huge profits in any area or climate based on their product niche. Zumiez fiscal results show in the first quarter of 2011, their total net sales increased by 18. 8% from 89. 1 million in sales to 105. 9 million (ir. zumiez. com, 2011).In the month of May alone, which is the beginning of the second quarter, their total net sales for that 4 week period increased 49. 9%, brining in 30. 3 million dollars in sales (ir. zumiez, 2011). And in looking forward to the 2011 year, Zumiez has plans of opening 44 new stores nation wide with its first store opening in Canada. Zumiez products are not cheap. They do however, appear to be fair when compared to similar products in other non-specialty stores. They have though, been able to show great success utilizing differentiation and focus strategies in marketing. Differentiation strategy calls for the development of a product or service that offers unique attributes that are valued by customers and that customers perceive to be better than or different from the products of the competition† (quick. com, 2011). Companies that succeed in differentiation strategies for marketing usually have a skilled and innovative product development team, a strong sales team, and a reputation for quality and innovation, all of which Zumiez has shown to embody in their company (quick. com, 2011).Focus strategies in marketing deal with that narrow market focus or niche, so to speak, that tailors a specific product or products strengths to the customers interests, hobbies, attitudes, etc†¦(quick. com, 011). Zumiez does not market their products with coupons, special sales days for specific purchases, or huge discounts when buying expensive items. Their products â€Å"speak for themselves† in the sense that they are high quality merchandise that consumers are willing to pay for at the given price. Can their products be easily imitated†¦certainly, but would they be of the same quality is the real question.Sales promotion absorb almost 31% of most companies marketing budgets (Gelb, 2007). This is one reason Zumiez profit margin remains to high. They do not feel the need to waste money marketing a sales pitch to consumers when they know their products speak for themselves. Because Zumiez does not rely on discounting items to gain consumer loyalty, they create more of an emotional bond between the consumer and the purchased product, increasing the likelihood that consumer will return for future purchases (Gelb, 2007). In my opinion, Zumiez got it right from the start. There is little I would hange or add to their marketing strategies overall. I do see two changes that could be made that may increase their revenue further. First, I would expand on the ages Zumiez markets to. They cater to men and women between the ages of 12 and 24. I would expand on those ages and create gear an apparel for children starting at age 3 or 4, and adults into their 40’s. I say this for a few reasons: one, many adults like to dress their children like themselves. How many parents go out and buy matching sneakers or hoodies for themselves and their sons or daughters. I know I do, and my son is 3 ?.Two, more children are getting sports specific at much younger ages, and children under the age of 12 are often seen on the products offered at Zumiez. Three, they say 40 is the new 30 and 30 is the new 20. Older adults are getting interested in action sports since the world has become so health and exercise minded. People are buying products from this store and they far surpass the ripe old age of 24. The second change I might suggest deals with geographic segmentation. In all of the Zumiez advertisements I have seen, they advertise all their major items or products offered.They may boost revenue further by advertising specific products based on geography. In California, there is little need for snowboards, but surfboards, skates and skateboards are a huge niche. Washington State and places that have high snow fall rates or remain much colder in temperature, would market the reverse. Finally, I would increase my marketing if in an area that offered a high number of indoor skate parks. This may also boost revenue, especially in areas that temperature remains an issue in.

Vegetarianism Is A Good Idea For Anyone, Whether Young Or Old, Healthy

Vegetarianism is a good idea for anyone, whether young or old, healthy or sick. Reasons supporting vegetarianism are inarguable since becoming a vegetarian is scientifically proven to improve one's lifestyle in several different ways. First and most importantly to many, vegetarianism improves one's health tremendously. Secondly, it can improve or display one's spirituality and beliefs. Another reason for changing to a vegetarian lifestyle that most people don't know is for the ecology and our surroundings. All of the above reasons and many more show that vegetarianism is a wonderful enhancement to anyone's overall life. Health should be a considerable priority in every individual's life and vegetarians are proven to be healthier than carnivorous humans in various ways. First, medical studies show that a human being's body was not made to be carnivorous (for example; humans have no fang s or claws) and because are digestive system was not made to digest meat, a vegetarian diet is much easier and healthier for our bodies. Secondly, as known around the world, the most common cause of death is heart attack and the average man is at a 50% risk while a vegetarian man is at a 4% risk. Another fact most don't think about is that every one out of three chickens is infected with salmonella bacteria. Speaking of bacteria and disease, the U.S. Department of Agriculture implies that it protects meat-eaters through regular and thorough meat inspection while in reality, fewer than one out of every 250,000 slaughtered animals is tested for toxic chemical residues. As a matter of fact, breast milk of a meat-eating m other versus a non meat-eating mother is 35 times higher for contamination of milk due to pesticides found in meat. Vegetarianism also prevents cancer by 50%, and prevents heart disease, lowering blood pressure, gallstones, kidney stones, osteoporosis and can even reverses diabetes. Finally, maintaining a vegetarian diet will not only make you physically healthier but will improve your psychiatric health also. In fact, many psychiatrists recommend a vegetarian diet to those with violent anger problems. As provided above, becoming a vegetarian would improve anyone's health and give all nutrition needed including protein. Many vegetarians do what they do for spiritual reasons and all have much supporting logic behind all the spirituality. Others claim they are spiritual people who are compassionate but how can one who eats meat be so with the knowledge of the suffering animals whose pain are beyond calculation? If one has understanding from God, how can he/she nourish ones' self by the misery and death of other organisms made to live and be free? When a human kills an animal for food, he/she is neglecting his own hunger for justice. When a human claims to love God's creatures and then eats meat, he/she is inconsistent and a hypocrite. One should never accept characteristics such as injustice, inconsistency and hypocrisy while asserting spirituality. There is another beneficial reason for vegetarianism that most never have heard of or thought about. Our environment is affected in many ways by livestock and so on. In fact, every quarter pound of hamburger meat one eats destroys 55 square feet of rainforest, which is already being demolished in the first place. This is because many cattle eaten in the U.S. have been fattened up and raised in former rainforest that was converted to grazing ground. Actually, more than 50% of rainforest destruction has been from animal grazing. Other than the destruction of rain forest, more than half of all water supplies goes to livestock production. Vegetarianism could even improve our world by preventing hunger for 1,300,000,000 humans could be fed by the grain and soybeans fed to livestock each year. Not only does meat eating help destroy our bodies but the world around us. When it all comes down to it, being a vegetarian is a wonderful, spiritual, and helpful way of life and it could be to all. It could improve health, spirituality, and even the ecology. There are many more reasons supporting vegetarianism and one could always find some that are most important to them. Some think of vegetarianism as a punishment or restriction while true vegetarians and the ones who know most distinguish that it is a fantastic and quick way

Correspondence Rule and Qunie-duhem theory essays

Correspondence Rule and Qunie-duhem theory essays A correspondence rule (c-rule) is when observational and theoretical terms are put together to form a specific definition. Science has evolved through this by positivists by combining theoretical and mathematical logic. The c-rule is the basis for all positivists. The bioconditional affect though is that which connects observations to theories through and if and only if stance. By using mathematical logic, positivists have concluded that there are 5 rules that are the essence of the c-rule. To start, one must have a quantifier(s) to state what the observational object is under scrutiny. Next the positivist would add mathematical logic to the equation through the use of symbols. The results are then determined as observational and/or theoretical terms, applying naturally to the laws of nature. The reasons behind this logic though are simple. Positivists wanted to discredit the fact that science and experimentation are subjective. By creating a standard way of testing and interpr eting results through mathematics, science now becomes universal and objective. People still try to discredit positivism though. They say that positivists use subjunctive mathematics rather objective mathematics. Through these accusations, positivists take a mighty blow and become nearly wholly discredited. By saying that positivists are subjunctive, one is saying that positivists add to the disorder of the experiment by using theory over fact. If a positivist came to me with an experiment on how to get better tire traction on a race track I, being a skeptic, could discredit him by saying that his logic falls on the theoretical side and is therefore subjunctive. Now to argue against me, the positivist would go out to the  ¼ mile strip and lessen the air pressure of his front tires, creating more tire to track surface area (assuming the car is FWD as well). He has now proved t ...

Top 3 Traits That Will Get You Hired

Top 3 Traits That Will Get You Hired No matter how perfect your resume, there are still several crucial X factors that any HR company will evaluate you for during an interview. Review these dynamic traits and think about how to incorporate them into the image you project on paper and in person! 1. AgilityThis isn’t talking about your ability to physically jump through hoops or walk balance beams; metaphorically, a company wants to see you can adapt your approach when necessary, recognize shifting dynamics, and possess intercultural skills that help you find common ground and collaborate with your colleagues.2. AttitudeVery few job postings outside of a zany start-up will list â€Å"sense of humor† as a qualification, but equally few office environments can do without enthusiastic, entertaining employees. Come to work with a sense of fun, the enjoyment of a new challenge, and the intelligence to know you don’t have all the answers (but you do have a willingness to persist until you find them).3. Awar enessDon’t forget to research the company that you’re applying with- after the interview is not the time to google â€Å"Company Name + New York Times† and expect recent developments to do you any good. Be involved in the industry you’re trying to enter, even if it’s only as an informational resource on Twitter or LinkedIn. Show that you know what conversations are already in progress and how you fit in to them as an employee and an innovator!

How does preeclampsia develop and does it confer future cardiovascular Essay

How does preeclampsia develop and does it confer future cardiovascular risk - Essay Example The aim of the review is to arrive at the developmental causes of preeclampsia. Similarly, a large number of studies have reported linkages between preeclampsia and future cardiovascular disease. The evidence is suggestive, and a vast number of data produced is available on the subject. The present sysetmatic survey therefore focuses on an analysis of the literature with the objective of finding out conclusive evidence to establish that preeclampsia may pre-dispose to cardiovascular risk in the long term. The systematic review involved gathering of available data through an extensive search and reading, critically evaluating all the research in terms of its methodology and scope and also exploring and recommending future studies that could be more effective towards addressing the research questions. It was found that a number of factors, like obesity, hypertension, abnormal insulin resistance, inflammation, cardio-vascular risk factors (as measured by serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood pressure), increased Homocysteine, presence of periodontal disease among others, were observed in preeclamptic pregnancy. However, the systematic review could not establish if these factors had a causative relationship to preeclampsia or if these factors were the manifestation of some other factors that also cause preeclampsia. The review also evaluated available evidence on cardiovascular risks and preeclampsia history. It was found that cardiovascular risk indeed has a larger than normal odds of having a history of preeclamptic episode. Again, it was not proved if preeclampsia pre-disposes to increased cardiovascular risk, or if preeclampsia and cardiovascular disease have the same pathogenesis. Preeclampsia, Cardiovascular Disease,

Control Mechanisms of Wal-Mart Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Control Mechanisms of Wal-Mart - Case Study Example This made the role of middle men in supply chain activities, as an employee in Wal-mart. After that Wal-mart brought a far larger group of potential consumers within reach of the small commercial centers. This resulted in the control mechanism of building the efficient warehouses necessary for discount operations as part of transactional strategic investments. This can be termed as the control mechanism of buying products from producers directly as the warehousing involves storing the goods economically. (Nelson Lichtenstein, 2005) The control mechanisms that implement the aspects mentioned in part A can be divided into price, integration, contract and trust developed with communication. These involve internal audit, external audit, market control and financial control. The internal audit of the Wal-mart involves asset protection. The auditors concentrate on making inventory process efficient in and over the USA. The loss due to shrink, theft and any types of losses or damages are calculated and communicated to the store management to minimize the problems. There are 11 locations of internal audit in USA. (http://walmart.feedroom.com/fr_story=FEEDROOM119269&rf=rss) The external audit of Wal-mart is responsible for consolidated annual financial statements and so the external auditor. This financial reporting will be according to legally accepted accounting standards. The observation process involves the closed door meetings of the management with external auditors. The external auditors have reasonable independence on preparing the financial statements to make company's transactions transparent. The financial statements prepared by external auditors will be presented to shareholders. (Hector M, 2002) The market control mechanisms of Wal-mart involve the cost cuts and global supply chain. It controls the market by opening large scale supermarkets that sell at low cost and by partnering with local retailers. It establishes its presence in the large retail markets by opening stores that sell the products less than the prevailing prices. It concentrates on increasing profit and sales by decreasing the purchasing costs and profit percentage. In every location the gigantic stores of Wal-mart are a success. (http://i.walmart.com/maint/) The financial control of Wal-mart involves reducing organizational debt and in course of time making the organization debt free. This is possible by maintaining enough cash flows for short term debts and partnering with local partners to establish new stores in new locations that minimize the credit taken from financial organizations. (http://i.walmart.com/maint/) Part C The above mentioned execution of control mechanisms shows effect on planning, organizing, controlling and leading of Wal-mart in its activities. These activities are concentrated in enhancing the exploration of supply chain management by using information systems. This resulted in application of information systems to support supply chain management in order to strengthen the control mechanisms. In the course of implementation only the information systems are being reengineered but not the business processes. This means the business processes dictate the information systems to be used. The business processes are planned keeping in view satisfaction of end user and the relationship of retailer with supplier. By focusing on developing adaptive networks the customer

Roll of thunder hear my cry Essay Example for Free

Roll of thunder hear my cry Essay Mildred Taylor writes about lots of families, some are successful and some are not. She writes about poverty families have to endure, discipline that they inflict on their children, loyalties, love and care. She contrasts poor families and rich families very well. She writes about poverty mainly in the black families although she does mention poverty in white families but very briefly. The Logans are good disciplinarians and know when to discipline their children and when not to and when they have been promised a beating, they will get it. An example of this, is when the Logan children go to the Wallaces store. As they had been warned not to go there, they got their beating. Even if it was a little late in the coming. We should have known better. Papa never forgot anything. She writes the book in the first person from the point of view of the nine-year-old girl Cassie, who in some ways is quite mature for her age but is still learning about racism and the unfairness of life. The only thing that she is sure about, is her absolute loyalty to her family, which remains constant throughout the book. The Averys a not very successful family, are one of the poorest black families. Mr and Mrs Avery have many children and not enough money. They sharecrop on the Grangers land and as they do not have much money, they also do not have money to spend on medicine, which as a result means that Mr and Mrs Avery remain in a constant state of illness. This of course does not help matters and contributes to the lack of discipline in their childrens lives. TJ one of their sons is a perfect example of this, they should have taught him the difference between and wrong and they should have taught him respect. Taylor attributes many of his problems to weak parenting, a thought expressed by mama when she says, Its just that the boys gotten out of hand and doesnt seem like anybodys doing anything about it. When he looses his friendship with the Logan children he finds friendship in RW and Melvin Simms. They are not ideal friends and laugh at TJ behind his back. As a result of this friendship he indirectly sends the whole Avery family into turmoil. Together the three boys conspire to rob the mercantile belonging to the Barnetts. The Simms brothers managing to outwit TJ, blame the whole affair on him and thus bringing the most of the white, black hating community to the Averys house. There, they assault Mr and Mrs Avery and TJ ends up in jail. RW and Melvin Simms are the eldest of the Simms children. All the Simms share the view that white people are better then black people. The exception is Jeremy Simms who doesnt really like his siblings, he also does not share the same views that they hold and he is the outcast. He even sleeps in a tree house, to get away from his family, which proves his alienation from them. I just climbs in my tree and its like going into another world. He is friends with the Logan children and walks with them on the way to school, the only white boy to do so. For being nice to the Logans and generally liking black people he gets a beating from his sister Lillian Jean who is just like the rest of her siblings and father. Maybe because of the fact that there is no mother figure to guide them that they feel they should follow their father in every way. But whatever the reason they are quite a dysfunctional family. The Jamisons are partly to blame for TJ not finding himself killed. Mr Jamison is a lawyer and has strong family roots in the community. They have no children and are completely not racist. They are the minority who genuinely care about people. They are comfortable and they hold quite an important place in society mainly because Mr Jamison is a lawyer. They become ostracized when Mr Jamison tries his best from preventing TJ from getting murdered even at risk to his own life. we just likely to take care of ourselves a nigger lover too tonight. The Logans are successful as a family because they are very strong family unit. They are completely loyal to each other and they all love and care for each other. This love for family and holding family as a priority has been instilled in the children quite clearly. They are just about the only black family to have any type of collateral whatsoever. This is because they are the only black family to own their own land. And most other white landowners resented that. Harlan resents the fact that you wont sell it. Because of their collateral they also have a lot of independence that the others do not have. Even though the Logans are poor, they are not desperate like the Averys who can barely afford to buy their clothes. But they have had to branch out of Mississippi to get enough money to pay the bills and even then its a struggle. Papa has to work on a railroad and Uncle hammer has moved to the north where he earns a good living. Even Uncle Hammer knows and understands the values that say that family comes first. This is demonstrated when the mortgage has to paid off and Papa finds himself short of money. What goods a car? you cant raise four fine babies on it. Big Ma plays the roll of the head of the household. She adds to the stability of the environment in the home and increases the awareness of the Logan family history. She also knows each of the family members inside out. All together I think in order to have a successful family it is necessary to support, love, trust and care for the people in your family. There should be a certain loyalty and a need for one another. To be able to depend on a family member is a virtue not to be ungrateful for and in the end even Uncle Hammer showed this. He fought for what was right. Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Mildred Taylor section.

Psycho :: essays research papers

1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Watching the shower scene with and without music helped me to understand Hitchcock’s use of music throughout the film. Hitchcock used the high-pitched music during the scenes that were intended to have a high-tension effect. For example, when Marion was stealing the money, talking to the cop, and driving especially. The movie would probably get boring if we were just watching her driving and driving and driving. By adding the high-pitched music, Hitchcock created tension and suspense. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In my opinion Marion Crane is innately a good person. Although she stole the money, I think she did it mostly out of desire to help her boyfriend and to get out and away from her home and live with her boyfriend. It is obvious throughout the movie that Marion knows that stealing the money was a bad idea, she was extremely paranoid, she was obviously not used to doing anything considered â€Å"bad† or illegal considering the way she acted towards the cop, and in the end I think that if she were really a bad person the killer would have not been identified. Before she was murdered she was planning on returning to Phoenix, which she knew was the right thing to do. If Marion’s sister hadn’t gone looking for her, no one would have known she was even murdered. I think that since she was innately a good person, that that is the reason the murder was pieced together and solved in the end. 4.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I think this was a good film to show in this class. It showed us a lot about techniques to create suspense, and it helped show us how different horror movies were when they first started out. I thought it was funny that they could use chocolate syrup as blood since it was in black and white. Black and white movies must be a lot cheaper to make even when not considering color price. The censorship was so different when this movie was made. Most of us I think were stunned that they didn’t actually show the murders (being stabbed), and couldn’t even show Marion’s butt in the shower. I’m personally a wuss when it comes to horror movies, and I thought I’d be scared of Psycho just because I normally would be. But I realized that after watching this movie that I’m more afraid of the blood and the music than anything else. A friend and I used to watch scary movies sometimes during sleepovers and we’d always hit the Mute b utton every time we got really scared, because we realized a lot of what causes us to be scared is the suspense that the music in a movie builds.

Criminal Justice Trends

Criminal Justice Trends Evaluation A number of past, present, and future trends exist in regard to the interface between components of the criminal justice system and criminal justice connections with surrounding society. Conducting an analysis of each of these trends provides an understanding of the value of the criminal justice system and also how it adapts to an ever-changing society. Law enforcement agencies can make predictions for the future of the criminal justice system by placing an emphasis on the developments of the system over the past few decades. Past, Present, and Future TrendsIn the late twentieth century, a number of so called, â€Å"forgotten figures† struggled for an identity and also for equality. Women’s liberation movements began to portray the manner in which the criminal justice system viewed men who committed crimes to include sexual assault as punishments were minimal or at times perhaps even nonexistent for the crime. The media also rarely ack nowledged women who were victims of sexual assault, those of which also had to where to turn to for support or refuge. African Americans, gays, and also soldiers are others who struggled with finding an identity in society hence also within the criminal justice system.During the 1960s, victims’ rights movements began addressing those issued faced by these groups as the criminal justice system often overlooked the needs of each. Each group’s voice was believed not to be heard and at times each was also treated much differently than those who were not of minority by the system. Toward the end of the twentieth century the Victims’ Bill of Rights was passed in 22 states, allowing victims to have a voice hence express their view during courtroom proceeding, during sentencing, and also during parole.Other laws, acts, and policies were also implemented as a prohibition of unfair treatment for all members of society. The criminal justice system continues to expand polic ies and laws to protect society of individual rights and also from the law itself. Technological advances are other past, current, and future trends that should be taken into consideration as past technologies did not possess the capabilities the system has today. For example, the advancement of DNA testing has allowed for the conviction and also release of some individuals who may have been imprison for years and for crimes he or she did not commit.Technological advances have made it possible to convict many more individuals guilty of crimes than even in the past. The same technologies are also responsible for freely those who have been wrongly accused. Such advances have a direct impact on the manner in which the criminal justice system develops and also operates as courtroom judges may order a suspect to DNA testing; otherwise some states have the authority to do so. Years ago, the opportunity to provide such testing did not exist whatsoever which lead to the conviction of many i ndividuals who were in fact innocent of committing particular crimes.The criminal justice system today is an implementation of reappraisals of policies, procedures, and practices of prior decades. As society continues to expand its thinking and mentality concerning issues to include gays and women’s rights, the criminal justice must also in a sense expand its mentality and adjust to a changing society. For example, a decline of women within the criminal justice system may be because women now have the accessibility to similar programs men were entitled to, including educational programs, and also community-based programs. Criminal Justice Trends It is important for us to understand past, current, and future trends throughout the criminal justice system. Trends allow us to identify areas that need to be addressed so we may be equipped to handle them better. Society depends of the criminal justice system in many ways to offer them a sense of justice, safety, and peace of mind. Within this paper I will discuss past, current, and future trends and how it affects and changes our criminal justice system.I will also address recent and future trends and contemporary issues that affect the criminal justice system, as well as the values of the criminal justice system in a changing society. Past Trends Even though to most it may not seem like it, the criminal justice system has come a long way in its dealings with the public. In the past the criminal justice system was viewed as a faceless machine that acted independently of the areas it charged to look after.It seemed that it was better to stay detached from the public in order to rem ain biased in their judgment and to keep their professional appearance. By studying past trends we not only were able to see trends in criminal behavior as well as having the ability to try and create possible projections on why it could lead but, we were also able to view the interaction between the criminal justice system and those it served. Both the criminal justice system and the general public realized the need for cooperation between the two to better the results.Society has always and will always be changing and it is only through ongoing efforts and partnerships within the community that the criminal justice system can stay informed and better understand how to combat criminal trends. By understanding trends in the past and considering how certain criminal events began and where they are now, the criminal justice system has been able to gain a wealth of knowledge about illegal activity and how different attempts to control or stop the actions have worked or failed.By examin ing the patterns of criminal activity and looking at the response is to the different tactics used to prevent them the criminal justice system can actually derive betters means to control possible criminal growth or be better suited to handle the events as they arise. Current Trends There are many current trends that the criminal justice system faces as far as criminal activity is concerned. Increased violence and drug related offences are just two of the many obstacles that they face. Another trend that is developing is the public’s move towards privatized protection.There are a growing number of individuals and families that have begun seeking out more protection than what is offered by the local police department. Residents prefer to now have their own security in place something that is gear specifically towards them. I do not feel that this move comes from distrust in the criminal justice system to fulfill the task however, with the growing relationship being developed b etween communities and law enforcement now see what challenges the local law enforcement agencies have to overcome on a daily basis. With this in mind, the public has begun to move to the privet sector for personal and home security.Moving to gated communities in order to restrict traffic into their neighborhoods as well as neighbors coming together to employ security guards is a sure sign that the public sees that the growing challenges of law enforcement are causing them to strain their resources very thin in order to keep up with criminal activities over large areas. They also realize that regular patrols in their neighborhoods for long periods is something that many local law enforcement agencies can no longer provide so, many other areas have started working with the police departments to form neighborhood watches.This is a program that brings communities together with the common goal of protecting their neighborhood and their families. Home security systems, cameras and motion detecting lights around the home, fences, gated communities, privet security and patrols, neighborhood watches, and building community awareness along with the local law enforcement agencies have been beneficial to law enforcement in cutting down the amount of activity in small neighborhoods and communities allowing them to focus on other areas as well as having the advantage of having extra eyes and ears in several different areas.Future Trends As the growing demands of crimes continue to over burden law enforcement, we will continue to see the utilization of privet sector security by the public. Future trends can often be seen and planned for by following trends from the past and present. For example; (past drug trend) drugs are easy to manufacture and move making it difficult for law enforcement agencies to control. Current drug trend) drugs are still easy to manufacture and the demand has steadily increased making it very difficult for law enforcement agencies to control. (Poss ible predicted future trend? ) Drugs continue to grow presenting an ever growing and evasive element for law enforcement agencies to try and control. By following the trend we can see that drugs are going to continue to grow but, this shows us that it will take a continuing effort and therefore plans can be put into action now to aid in future the future growth. Criminal Justice Trends Criminal Justice Trends CJA/484 3/17/2013 David Sanders Jr The criminal justice system is always changing to help secure and protect society. Even though many times areas of law enforcement are over looked due to changes, the facts still remain that the number one priority of law enforcement is to see that the streets that we walk during the day and night are safe and secure even though one main ingredient has been lost with the progression of law enforcement.So in this paper I will focus on evaluate a few areas that have to deal with the past, present and future trends of law enforcement. I will also sum things up and discuss the budgetary and managerial impact that future trends will likely have on law enforcement, courts and corrections. Now when looking at the past efforts of law enforcement and the way that they went about doing their job it can be concluded that law enforcement were more engaged with the people in the community because they went about doing their job totally different then the way that it’s done in today’ s society.The reason why is because in the late 1800’s and beginning of the 1900’s many people felt safe in secure in their own homes because they knew that they were being protected and taking care of because law enforcement agents walked the streets and made their presence known. The community worrying about being violated was the least of their concerns because they knew that the law was on their side and watching everything that was going on.One way in particular that made the community feel safe had to do with the fact that that law enforcement agents would walk, stop, and talk to the people in the community and get to know them by name and take advantage of the conversation on how they could serve them better. Simply put the community knew the police and the police knew the community. So with that being said a relationship was able to be formed to make the community and the police one because each party wanted the same thing which was to see that justice is uphel d.Law enforcement also relied on the community to be its eyes and ears and help them to solve a crime that had taken place and which the community had no problem doing. However moving onto the present time of law enforcement and the birth of technology becoming more prominent the intimate care given towards the community started to go down to the point where the community no longer trust the police and the police no longer knew how to connect back to the community anymore.With that being said this brings us to the present trends of policing and the birth of technology and how law enforcement has lost its connection that it once had with the community. The birth of technology has helped law enforcement a great deal because it has help to speed up criminal proceedings and also has helped to eliminate wasted man hours to actually find the guy or woman that has committed the crime in question. However on the other hand the birth of technology has stripped away the very core that has mad e law enforcement trust worthy which was its ability to connect with the community.The reason why I say that the trust of law enforcement has been taking away is because there isn’t any more foot patrols done, Law enforcement agents are riding around in cars now neglecting the interaction with the community, but most importantly making the community believe that they really don’t care about them which makes the community not trust them or want to help them. However moving forward and to not bash the officers that have sworn to protect us they’re still some good that has come out with the birth of technology that has taking away the connection that law enforcement once had with the community.One example in particular is that of surveillance cameras that are now all over the place that helps aid law enforcement to be able to see faces of individuals that have committed a crime and gain leads as to who they’re looking for. Law enforcement have also gotten be tter at communicating with one another with the use of 2 way radios to ensure that criminals are apprehended quicker and with using qualitative research to get the right criminal the first time around.But with every positive there is a negative the same technology the law enforcement use to catch the criminals, the criminals are using that same technology to avoid being caught, which also goes back to the point that if law enforcement didn’t abandon the relationship that they once had with the community that the community would be willing to talk and help them out because with every crime committed there is always somebody watching. Moving forward when looking at the future trends of law enforcement it can be said that it’ll probably be better than present day law enforcement ecause they would be able to see what they did wrong and try to improve on it. The reason why is because with progression there is always improvements made on things that were done wrong. For inst ance law enforcement losing touch with the community in present day will be something that I believe would be primarily focus on to get back because stopping and preventing crime is a team effort and law enforcement cannot do it on its own. Even with all the technology in the world nothing can take the place of interaction and receiving information from someone that has actually saw the crime being committed.Surveillance tapes can catch the person in action but they do tend to miss the little details that can bring a criminal to justice much quicker then somebody seeing the crime taking place and reporting it. This is why I feel that for the future law enforcement would engage in getting back to its roots and trying to regain that trust that they one had from the community so that they can work hand and hand together to see that crime is cut down to a minimal or cut down for good.Finally the last point that I’ll like to discuss is the budgetary and managerial impact that futu re trends will most likely have on law enforcement, courts and corrections. This impact will most likely happen in the form of according to the National Center for State Courts the budget getting out of control and the government having to use its efforts to bail it out.The reason why is because with times changing law enforcement, courts and corrections are going to have to constantly stay ahead and have the technology that they need to keep the crime at its lowest and with that happening managing the funds will be hard to do. Crime is not going to stop because law enforcement does not have them money to keep up its going to actually get worse and thrive off of it In conclusion there are many ways to look at the change that has occurred when it comes to policing because in some areas it could be for good where and other areas it could be bad.The reason why is because the past, present and future trends of policing will and continue to be very different from one another. The reason why is because the days are long gone as to where police officers walked up and down community blocks talking to individuals and getting to know them, understand them and overall building their trust. To where know everything is fast paced and police officers are riding in cars and using radios and talking on phones due to the growth of technology.In it can even be said that with the growth of technology that it destroyed the police and community relationship. However with the future of things fast approaching it can also be said that with that relationship lost that it can be gained again because even though technology took it away technology can help make things right because with the growth of it crimes will be able to be solved much more quicker and give the police officer more time to make things right with the community that they had neglected.However one thing in particular that will never change and never go away is the value that police officers hold in the community and in society because without them there would be total madness because there would be no order and no one to enforce the laws to maintain such order that society needs to have to function. References 1. Cetron, Dr. M. J. & Davies, O. 2008) 55 Trends Now Shaping the Future Of Policing http://www. au. af. mil/au/awc/awcgate/army/proteus-55-policing. pdf 2. Craig D. Uchida (2004) The Development of American Police an Historical overview http://www. globalcitizen. net/data/pages/1418/papers/2009042815114290. pdf 3. 2012 National Center or State Courts http://www. ncsc. org/Topics/Financial/Budget-Management/Resource-Guide. aspx

Attributes of entrepreneur Essay

Confidence positive thlnklng is a major step In the direction of success 5. Positive thinker entrepreneur are positive thinkers. Wealth does not always come to the most intelligent or the most ambitious individuals. Patience -when one owns who his business, there will be times when feels like the roof of craving-in. 7. Decisiveness – one should go with his intuition and trust that he is doing the right thing 8. Experience component for growth – as a key 9. Information seeking – entrepreneur should seek information with client and competitors, seek advice. 10. Perseverance – must be willing to persevere during rough times 11. Drive – needs to be totally committed 12. Risk taking – prefer tasks, which provide them some challenges 13. Innovation creative, they do things in new and different ways 14. Opportunity-seeking – readily identifies opportunities for going into or to improve his business 15. Demand for efficiency and quality – entrepreneur always strives to find ways to do things better, faster and at a lower cost 16. Systematic planning and monitoring – introduces some system in achlevlng his goals by breaking this goal Into short term and long term goals 11. Persuasion and networking – easy establishes a network or personal and business contacts around them

Contitution and Systems of the State Essays - Free Essays

Contitution and Systems of the State Essays - Free Essays Contitution and Systems of the State The California State Constitution establishes and describes the obligations, authority, organization and function of the California state government. The main articles of the California State Constitution deal with everything from establishment of personal rights, to governmental election processes, to procedures available to amend or revise the document. Many of the rights explained - and the procedures for election processes that are elucidated in the document - are in direct conjunction with that of the US Constitution. The California State Constitution also clarifies the services that the judicial, educational, and social systems of the state provide. The following should not only further introduce the main articles of the California State Constitution and compare their premises to those of the US Constitution, but should also identify the current effectiveness of the aforementioned state-provided judicial, educational and social systems. The first main article of the California State Constitution is Article one itself: Declaration of Rights (leginfo.ca.gov, n.d.). This article lays out the rights of California citizens and is very closely tied to the rights explained in the US Constitution, more specifically to the Bill of Rights. For instance, section two of Article one of the California Constitution deals with freedom of speech, assembly, and of press, as does the first amendment to the US Constitution (The Federal Convention, 1787). In fact most of the rights explained in the entire first Article of the California Constitution are direct replicas of the rights listed in the Bill of Rights. One exception is the sixth section, which prohibit slavery, a right not guaranteed by the US Constitution until the thirteenth amendment was ratified in 1865 (US Congress, 1865). Articles four through six are also of significance as they outline the three government branches that compose the State?s government body. Much like the US Constitutional outline, California has elected officials to Executive, Legislative and Judicial branches (leginfo.ca.gov, n.d.). The differences are in the actual positions. For instance, where the federal executive branch is made up of the President and his or her cabinet members, California?s executive branch consists of the Governor, as well as other elected state officers including the Lieutenant Governor, Attorney General, Controller, Insurance Commissioner, Secretary of State, Superintendent of Public Instruction, Treasurer, and member of the State Board of Equalization (leginfo.ca.gov, n.d.). Proposition 140 was passed in 1990 and was upheld by the United States Court of Appeals in the case of Bates v. Jones consequently limited the available terms for state officers to two per position (Ballotpedia, 2010). This was just one of the many revisions to the original Constitution that has been made over the course of California?s history. Articles two and eighteen of the California Constitution outline the different ways changes can be made to the Constitution (Ballotpedia, 2010). California's constitution can be amended through statewide votes of the electorate, or through a process beginning with a constitutional convention (Ballotpedia, 2010). This also is relative to the US Constitution as it too can be amended or revised as seen fit by the citizens it embodies. Other important policies and procedures that are laid out in the California Constitution have to do with the systems set in place by the government in order to assist California citizens in judicial, educational and social matters. The Judicial system, which is outlined in Article 6 of the Constitution, is made up of the Supreme court, courts of appeal, and superior courts of the State (leginfo.ca.gov, n.d.). There are six superior court districts divided between the 57 counties of California, which have general subject matter jurisdiction and handle both civil and criminal cases (Guide to California Law, n.d.). The responsibility of the California court of appeal is to identify errors made at the superior court level and to remedy those cases. The California Supreme Court is the highest court in the state, and is the rule-making body for the state court system. The seven justices that compose the California Supreme Court are the final decision-makers in California?s judicial matters and their decisions may only be appealed to the United States Federal Supreme Court if there is a federal issue involved (Guide to California Law, n.d.). The educational system in California is outlined in Article nine of the

The completion of the Severn Tidal project on the coastline between Essay

The completion of the Severn Tidal project on the coastline between England and Wales - Essay Example The essay discusses that currently, 450 million litres of water passes through the Severn Estuary on the coastline between Wales and England. This water is a collection of inland rivers and waterbodies that deposit their flow into the Sea at this point. It provides a great opportunity for a power generation facility at that would tap energy for users in Wales and England. The government and key stakeholders including members of the international community have agreed that Britain should cut its carbon emission to just 20% by the year 2050. This means that Britain will have to cut its carbon emission by 80% in the next four decades. There is therefore the need for the people of the United Kingdom to identify alternative means of producing energy. The consumption of petroleum products and hydrocarbon fuels increased at a very fast rate after the Second World War. The Kyoto Protocol identified that Britain accounts for about 5% of the world's carbon emission into the atmosphere. This is highly disproportionate to the size of Britain which is relatively small. Since the trend of global warming is an international matter, Britain has come under severe pressure to identify ways of cutting down on its reliance on hydrocarbons. Thus, the proposition of the British government to cut down emissions by 80% in 2050 has become more of a serious objective now than ever. One of the core solutions to the problem is to identify renewable energy options for the United Kingdom. Tidal power generation is one of the options available to a nation like Britain in her bid to identify an alternative to the reliance on hydrocarbons. The Climate Change Act gives legitimacy and force to the plans of the UK government to cut down on CO2 emissions. This means that the state has a tougher legal obligation to put its resources to use to produce a strong and potent method of dealing with climate change. The UK government has been involved with some key stakeholders in an attempt to find soluti ons to this problem. The main stakeholders who have been involved in discussions on providing solutions are: 1. The UK Government 2. Private Sector Energy Companies 3. The UK Public 4. Environmental Groups in practice and academia. These groups have been involved in various degrees of consultation and discussions on the matter. The Severn coastline offers one of the greatest opportunities for the establishment of a renewable energy system. This can be done by creating dams, barrages or some other facilities that will make use of the energy generated by the movement of the water on the coastline. These stakeholders have spent two years undertaking feasibility studies about the creation of an energy generation system on the Severn coastline. These feasibility studies has taken an number of core issues into account. The findings of the Severn consultation activities indicate that the project is capable of providing 15% of Britain's energy needs. This means that a dam on the estuary can potentially provide a significant solution to the carbon emission targets that has been set by the UK government in the Climate Change Act. This will obviously curb the volume of carbon emission and reduce the effects of pollution emanating from the United Kingdom. In the process, the stakeholder group collected a total of 10 proposals about how a power generation system could be set up at the Severn coast of the United Kingdom. These ten proposals were assessed on the basis of benefits,

Positive action in the judicial appointments process is essential to Essay

Positive action in the judicial appointments process is essential to address the lack of diversity in the judiciary of England and Wales - Essay Example Available from the website at http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27206.htm, It is important to carry out selection of candidates for the judicial positions in terms of merit which should be done based on just and open competition from the broad range of eligible contenders. I first agree with the notion that, we don not have any perfect judicial system and it is clear in the past recent years that some features of the appointment processes needed an urgent modernization. Delivering enhancements on the manner in which judges are appointed is a vital component of the selection program. I am therefore, among the many people who are dedicated to fighting for the element of diversity in judiciary to be incorporated through some range of critical measures. A judiciary that is visibly reflective of the society highly enhances the confidence of the public in the judicial system. Additionally, no one at any given moment should be foiled from his or her dream of becoming a judge, simply on the bases of sex, his race, the religion or any other protected trait as identified in equality act. The freedom from discrimination is a fundamental code of justice and equality that is preserved by law. It is also evident from http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld201012/ldselect/ldconst/272/27206.htm that Judges who inhabit courtrooms in both Wales and England, are stereotypical white males from slim social grounds. Most of the concerns regarding to the Under-repres ented individuals tend to stem from the structures of legal vocations2. This is also worsened by the pool of the obtainable mid-career specialists who are eligible and fascinated in presenting themselves for the selection process. Hence, some obstacles arise due to the appointment processes which regards to the court arrangement and the various tribunals which judges operate in. I do not propose that the notion of merit should sparingly be focused on the

Computer Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Computer Assignment - Essay Example PARC's success has led Xerox to spin off new companies based on their accomplishments, and many of their researchers from the early days have gone on to join or create successful computer businesses of their own. The future is happening today at PARC. Cringely described Bill Gates as a "megalomaniac" and Steve Jobs as a "sociopath" (Cringely: x) their differences do not end there. They came from two very different worlds to succeed in personal computing. They are also similar in many respects and some of these similarities have been a problem for them. Bill Gates came from an influential family and has strived in life to be recognized in his own right and succeeded, even though he dropped out of Harvard as a sophomore. Microsoft's operating system, MS-Dos, was bought by one of the largest computer manufacturers in the world, IBM. Windows and Internet Explorer have set the standards that other software developers have tried to copy and compete with. Microsoft itself, along with PARC, has influenced the way that corporations in the computer industry are run. It has also influenced how these businesses conduct business. Steve Jobs never knew his real parents and it is believed that this fact accounts for his volatile nature and the need to be recognized in hopes that his parents will find him. ... Microsoft's operating system, MS-Dos, was bought by one of the largest computer manufacturers in the world, IBM. Windows and Internet Explorer have set the standards that other software developers have tried to copy and compete with. Microsoft itself, along with PARC, has influenced the way that corporations in the computer industry are run. It has also influenced how these businesses conduct business. Steve Jobs never knew his real parents and it is believed that this fact accounts for his volatile nature and the need to be recognized in hopes that his parents will find him. Unlike Gates, Jobs was already working, at a video games manufacturer, when he entered the industry. Apple computers are his claim to fame. It was his idea to refine and perfect Steve Wozniak's original computer, and then market it. Unlike Gates, he has left Apple and moved on to other things. The NeXT computer was his creation. He is always looking for a new idea and better ways of computing and communicating. In that respect both men are similar. They both want to improve the way that we work, play and communicate with personal computers. Neither of them was afraid to use other's ideas and products, by adapting them to their needs, and turn them into their own successful products. Jobs appropriated the mouse and Gates rewrote BASIC. They saw the possibilities and with a few changes of their own created new products which revolutionized the industry and how we use computers today. They are both excellent salesmen: enthusiastic, driven, and influential. They are able to captivate audiences with their energy and belief in their products and turn them around to their way of thinking. Neither of their initial products was perfect, but people bought into

Bottled Water Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Bottled Water - Coursework Example Beyond the realm of health concerns, which are satisfied by using bottled water, what actually needs to be justified is the price we pay for it, both environmentally and economically. Even though the water purification procedures are expensive, and they destroy certain minerals during the treatment, they still ensure water purity. Alongside this, the recyclable bottles help in environmental conservation rather than further polluting the environment. Comparatively, tap water is prone to be contaminated by hazardous pollutants from underground seepage and water pollution. But it is important to understand that the lack of few minerals is better than drinking contaminated water and endangering lives. As a result, both tap and bottled water are under scrutiny about their purity and mineral content. This has become an ongoing debate to justify which one of the either two is a better, viable option. As the argument above tends to support the cleanliness of bottled-water, the prime concern of everyone should be to protect their lives without compromising it at the hands of impure drinking water. Hu, Zhihua., Morton, L.W., & Mahler, R.L. (2011). Bottled Water: United States Consumers and Their Perceptions of Water Quality. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 8,

Bluetooth Remote Access to PC Using Mobile Devices

Bluetooth Remote Access to PC Using Mobile Devices CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH 1.1 INTRODUCTION: Bluetooth is a wireless technology of the last decade, there has been a lot of research going on this technology all over the world. The Bluetooth was named after the 10th century Danish King Harald Blatand or Harold Bluetooth. King Blatand was influential in uniting militaristic factions in parts of what are now Norway, Sweden and Denmark just as Bluetooth technology is designed to allow collaboration between differing industries such as computing, mobile phone and automotive markets. Bluetooth technology was the internal project of Ericssion, which was intended for providing short distance multiple links. Then it was collaborate with Intel in 1997, later the association with Nokia, IBM, Toshiba, Microsoft, Motorola, 3com etc to form a non profitable trade association Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG). The formed consortium adopted common code name to Bluetooth for their open source specification. Bluetooth uses 2.4 GHz frequency for transmitting the data at band rate of 1Mbps . In taking account of users point of view, there are three important features to Bluetooth. (Ali M Aljuaied 2001) It is wireless. When you got to client place, you need not have to worry about keeping track of cables to attach all of your components and you can design your application without wondering where all the wires will go. It is economical. You do not have to think about it. Bluetooth does not require any extraordinary skills to make it work. The devices find one way or another and pairs up a conversation without any user input at all. Bluetooth technology is a standard and communications protocol which is designed for low power consumption, with a short range (power-class-dependent: 1 meter, 10 meters, 100 meters) based on low-cost transceiver microchips in each device. Bluetooth enabled devices tend to communicate with each other when they are in range. These devices use radio wave communications system, so that they do not have to be in line of sight with other and can even be in other rooms, as long as the received transmission is powerful enough. During the discovery process Bluetooth device transmits class type of device and the supported services of that class Class Max permitted power Range(approx) Class1 100mW 100meters Class2 2.5mW 10meters Class3 1Mw 1 meter Table reference [www.bluetooth.com] The popular Bluetooth applications are: Mobile phone and hands free headset. File transfer between Bluetooth enable devices using Obex application The places where traditionally used by IrDA in control equipment. In gaming equipments like play station. Used to connect the Dial up internet for PC. 1.2 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF RESEARCH: The main research aim of the project is to develop Remote PC manager from mobile through Bluetooth and make it more efficient and reliable for future applications. The following are the research objectives: Developing user friendly software for remote management of PC through mobile using Bluetooth. Improvement of response time in the existing application. To solve the problem occurred in application during the connection and disconnection Process. 1.3 PAST WORKS: There has been a vast amount of research carried out in Bluetooth related applications all over world of which is this PC remote mobile phone using Bluetooth application, but most of the applications that are made have been having problems related to response time, compatibility with specific mobile such as Nokia and Sony Ericsson, connection and disconnection. Hence, the next few lines will discuss about the background for developing PC remote. Based on Blueshareware.com Development done Deployment year The first beta type control 1.0 version using Nokia 6600 23 Feb. 2005 Then added applications related to audio and video player 7 march 2005 Then started to test the code on Sony Ericsson 6 Nov 2005 New GUI for phone has been developed with special soft keys 29 Jan 2006 After then they started to have better GUI by correct early problems and adding new applications releasing higher version Bluetooth remote control 2.0 The Open java script that allowed others to be modified They have added new PowerPoint application. It had some drawback such as application could not run in some mobiles and screen turn blank some times. There has been a lot of modification and re-releases by solving problems like increasing the range of compactable mobile and correcting minor problems. Bluetooth remote control 3.0 Win AMP player has been added Till this version the power point and any applications was not given importance. The development of latest version of the GUI was available in J2me, which decreased the application size. Bluetooth remote control 4.0 Though they added, Win AMP could not be launched from it. The phone could not be compactable with other stacks. Response was improved for some functions. The application had problems with the connection and disconnection. Less application size than compare to the above version was achieved by better versions of MIDP and CLDC. Some individuals have been working on this software like Jerome Laban. The project related to two PC remotes, the software developer who is working on compatibility for different types of mobiles such as Orange E200/QTEK 8080 and some are Motorola based mobiles with Blue Soleil third party stack in .NET FRAMEWORK 2.0 where he using different programming languages and client softwares. There has been lot of development going on PC remote using Mobile phone Bluetooth many of them are developing many applications based on different softwares .The improvement in MIDP, CLDC in the new mobile have increased the applications, and the application code size started to decrease with improvements in them. 1.4 RATIONALE FOR RESEARCH: After my under graduation I started working in an embedded system based company in India. Lampex electronics Ltd which deals with providing embedded solution to local firm, we had an Electrical billing handheld machine, which we supplied to state of Andhra Pradesh (India) Electricity board, they requested for a short distance wireless technology to upload the data from handheld machine to PC. We have selected IrDA as wireless technology because of low power consumption and less memory application .We have done the work successfully but as a developer, I was not convinced for two reasons: The handheld machine and PC transceivers have to be placed face to face. We had problem with time slots management, went slaves (handheld machine) are more than two at the same time. This made me to select Bluetooth technology as my research topic, and then I came across different research topics on Bluetooth related to security, pairing, remote PC manager etc. Then I started working on a Remote PC manager. Remote PC manager is an application developed using Bluetooth available in your mobile phone to manage a PC. The application had problem related to response time in certain areas of application. The response time is the time an application takes to react to a give input. In this application, we define response time as the time taken to respond when an instruction have been sent from mobile phone to remote pc manager. CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW AND RESEARCH METHODOLOGY 2.1 RESEARCH APPROACHES: The following are the approaches towards my research, which have eventually done in stages: To study about Bluetooth behaviour and comments related to the application from the users. In the course of research, reading has been done from books, journals and websites regarding Bluetooth and related software is used in the project. Developing Program and data flow diagrams An IT related program was developed which had all the modern approaches to the project development and deployment and as well as the data flow diagrams were drawn for the clear view of the data in the program Implementation After the development of the programs, implementation has carried out to check its success and working Testing The programmable code is tested, verified and made sure that its bug free. 2.2 Justification of Research Approaches: Mixed research methods have been used for projects as it deals with collecting information about the product and implementation to the product. Using Qualitative research, more data is gathered from journals and textbooks, which showed about the Bluetooth applications. There was also chance to know, to what are hurdles in the existing Bluetooth technology. I have registered in Bluetooth groups and started to ask experts in this field about their feedback regarding the application. I went through some of the existing technologies available in the market and where I could study the functioning of the Bluetooth PC remote. Knowing about the application, I could estimate that projects with modern approach will be needed, in enhancing the application throughput. Online journals also helped me out a lot. Research books also helped me in how to carry out my research and which method would more suit my needs. Quantitative research is also a very important criterion in my research .I could plan my whole project on Gantt chart and proceed further. So, I had opted with mixed approach, i.e. qualitative and quantitative which made my research easier. 2.3 LITERATURE REVIEW: A lot of research is done on Bluetooth related application by Special Interest Groups (SIG) and developer all over the world because of its futuristic nature. From the past most of the developers have been developing applications on Bluetooth and WLAN. We can see degradation on Wi-Fi when a Bluetooth is close to the Wi-Fi station; the impact of interference is significant. However, the relocation of Bluetooth from the Wi-Fi by 10m will not have great impact on the throughput. So both can coexist but we should be sensible in our expectations and attempts to combine these technologies. [Brent A. Miller, Chatschik Bisdikian 2000]. We present an AFH that modifies it in order to mitigate interference. Frequency hopping in Bluetooth is achieved as follows. Frequencies are listed as even and odd frequencies in the range of 2.402-2.480 GHz. The main idea in BIAS is to wait for association of slot with a â€Å"good† frequency in order to transmit a packet. The basic idea of response times has been about the same for thirty years [Brent A. Miller, Chatschik Bisdikian 2000]: If the response time is about 0.1 second user feels that the system is reacting instantaneously, means that no feedback is necessary except to display the result. If the response time is about 1.0 second user feels to stay uninterrupted, even though the user will notice the delay. Normally, no feedback is necessary during delays of more than 0.1 but less than 1.0 second, but if its 1 second the user feels that he can directly on the data. If the response time is about 10 seconds users attention is focused on the dialogue. For longer delay such as scanning whole system by anti virus will take long time and user knows about it. Feedback is required especially important if the response time is likely to be highly variable, since users will not know what to expect. Normally, response time of an application should be as fast as possible [Myers, B., H. Stiel R. Gargiulo (1998)], but it is also possible for the computer to react so fast that the user cannot keep up with the feedback. For example, a scrolling down in word document application move so fast that the user cannot stop it in time for the desired pages or section within the available window. The fact is that computers with modern processor can go work in few milliseconds can be too fast for the user which indicates the need for user-interface changes, user interface is set according to real-time clock rather than being set to indirect effect of the computers execution speed. These applications take advantage in varying degree of Bluetooth capabilities such as to be always on, always connected, mobile and easy to use. Throughout all of this, of course it is important not to lose sight of the requirements to get basic application to operate properly. However most of developers have found the specification of 1.1 to be stable, so future Bluetooth enabled products for general consumer would confine to this specification [Robert Morrow, 2002]. In an indoor environment, multipath is almost present because of furniture and other equipment in building along with the building material themselves, are prone to reflections when they are illuminated from radio source. Unlike the large fading which is seen in radio frequency where distance travel by the wave is in terms of 10 times the wavelength. According to Morrow the Bluetooth, channel fading could be analysed based on Doppler spread, delay spread and out probability. If a Bluetooth Piconet is an indoor environment where an object can move at speed up to a fast walk, then minimum Doppler shift will be about 10 Hz and coherence time is about 40 ms. So, the coherence time will be 1 microsecond smaller than coherence time which leads to slow fading and this could really slow down when 40000 bytes transfer is done. Suppose if we take a large room where the delay speed is 50ns and gives coherence bandwidth of 2 MHz, but maximum bandwidth between each hop is only 1MHz, so this leads to flat fading. As the Bluetooth channel is flat fading this will effect the Bit Error Rate BER (Rayliegh equation). According to Morrow the enhancement has done related to lower level protocol. Bluetooth data rate should be increased at the rate of 10 to the present specification. Proper implementation of Adaptive frequency hopping should be done. The range of Bluetooth has to be increase by Store and forward capability. Use of Smart antenna. The ACL link is based on polling scheme mechanism between master and up to seven active slaves in a Pico net. It can provide both symmetric and asymmetric bandwidth, which is determine by the packet type and frequency with which the device is polled. The ACL payload is protected by CRC check, which is used for retransmission scheme, the value seems to be small about 1.25ms [David, 2002], but it is important when we are dealing with IP streaming because it may lead to retransmission delay. This could be limited by setting the flush timeout setting. If Bluetooth transmit constantly on same frequency, the maximum raw date rate would be 1 mbps. However [David, 2002], this is not the data rate we will obtain over air interface. Bandwidth required for a 72 bit access code to identify the piconet and 54 bit header to indentify the slave will be about 405microseconds and guard time of 220 microseconds for next frequency hop. So, one slot packet requires a bandwidth of about 1/3 for pay load data and 7/9 and 13/15 for 3 and 5 slots of data respectively. So these counts have at least guard time of 1250 micro second as slot size increases. User friendly can be defined as easy to learn, easy to use, easy to remember and they increase the user ability to perform the desired task. According to Barrie Shermann, 1985 User friendly means adapting parts of the system to the operator rather than the operator having to adjust to the system. Donald Norman explains user friendly software design with respect to relationship between visibility, mapping and feedback to the design of usable objects. [The Design of Every day Things,1990] Visibility means how easy user can find the function in the software. Poor visibility can cause too many problems to the users. Mapping means the relationship between controls, the thing it affects, outcome. Good mapping is one which has buttons which is clearly marked and simply indicates their function. Feedback to the design of usable objects means every function on operation must give feedback to the user. When passenger press train door button he gets feedback in terms of voice message saying that â€Å"door opening† .Such feedback makes user feel good. The creation of user friendly software is equal to part of science and art .The science is referred to as usability. The International Organisation for standardization (ISO) defines usability as the effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction with which the user achieve specified targets. Effectiveness is the accuracy and completeness with which specified user can achieve goal in an environment. Efficiency is the resource expended in relation to the accuracy and completeness of goal achieved. Satisfaction is the comfort and acceptability of work system to its users and other people affected by its use. The second part is the Art of design, which inspires and often take long time .We are not speaking about art in terms of graphic art, although it plays an important role in development of user friendly software. We are speaking of the designer ability to create a vision of how software can and should be. 2.4 CRITICAL ANALYSIS: Since this Bluetooth application is an indoor application, its associated with reflection, diffraction, scattering, and refraction of radio waves. Quality of service means predefined and negotiated data rate, delay and error rate. Since the delay and the error rate are strongly related to the data rate, we focus our present investigations on the data rate. A signal passed over a wireless channel is affected by path loss, narrow, wideband fading and co-channel interference. In the present application the response time is dependent on, the performance metrics include the path loss, the mean access delay and the channel response time. When a receiver is placed some distance from the transmitter antenna it is logical to say that there will be some loss in signal. As we know that there is high probability of multipath effects in this application, as it plays a significant role in path loss values, thus high path loss of signal will lead to retransmission of signal. So we need to perform multipath mitigation, so we have selected compensate for multipath through diversity combinations. So normal Bluetooth antenna will be replaced by smarter antenna with diversity combinations .The packets that are transferred consecutive to time do not use the same frequency, which in turn avoids the drawbacks of the narrowband transmission. As we know that the link performance obeys the rules for narrow band systems and additionally depends on fading of the individual channels occupied. Therefore, all these methods of improving the physical layer have to be frequency agile. The access delay measures the time taken to transmit a packet from the time it is passed to the MAC layer until it is successfully received at the destination. The delay is measured at the L2CAP layer. The access layer delays which are caused due to improper management of the Bluetooth instruction. Management of ACL links can decrease this and by keeping slot numbers at a low value as possible, but as file length increases the number of slot tends to increase so we cannot do much to that, but by decreasing the path loss we can definitely resend ACL link commands. The channel estimation response time measures the time to track changes in the channel state. It is the time to avoid using a bad frequency to the time to start reusing a frequency that is good. The channel response time depends upon the bit error rate (BER), which depends on the frequency hopping rate (good frequency and bad frequency), since the methods used to perform the classification depend on BER measurements per frequency visited. So, proper implementation of adaptive frequency hopping must be done to improve response time. User friendliness is a thin gap between failure and success of the end product. According to usability studies done by Andy Smith Overall it would seem that roughly only 30 percent of IT systems are fully successful and that too 70 percent either fail or some marginal gain even after providing same function. These successful one have marginal difference with the other such as easy to handle, light weight, high visibility of screen, little more advance feature in hardware and software, robust etc. Natural and efficient products can make users task seem a lot easier. CHAPTER 3 BLUETOOTH PC REMOTE TECHNICAL CONCEPTS 3.1 INTRODUCTION: Bluetooth was projected to allow low bandwidth wireless connections to become so simple to use such that they flawlessly work into your daily life. A simple example of a Bluetooth application is to update the phone directory of your mobile phone. You would either normally enter the names and phone numbers of all your contacts or use a cable or IR link between your phone and your PC and start an application to synchronize the contact information. With Bluetooth, this can be done automatically and without any user involvement as soon as the phone comes within range of the PC. You can easily see this is expanded to include your calendar, to do list, memos, email, etc. This is just one of many exciting applications for this new technology! The Bluetooth PC remote using Mobile phone also comes into these list of applications that is been developed in using Bluetooth 3.2 SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE: Bluetooth communications occur in the unlicensed ISM band at 2.4GHz. The transceivers utilize frequency hopping to reduce interference and fading. A classic Bluetooth device has a range of about 10 meters, with a total bandwidth of 1 Mb/sec. This technology supports two types of communication modes [Robert Morrow, 2002]. Synchronous communication (voice traffic): The synchronous voice communication is provided using circuit switching with a slot reservation at fixed intervals. A synchronous link in Bluetooth technology is referred to as an SCO (synchronous connection-oriented) link. Asynchronous communications (data traffic): The asynchronous data communication is provided using packet switching, utilizing a polling access scheme. An asynchronous link in Bluetooth technology referred to as an ACL (asynchronous connection-less) link. Configuration Max. Data Rate Upstream Max. Data Rate Downstream 3 Simultaneous Voice Channels 64 kb/sec X 3 channels 64 kb/sec X 3 channels Symmetric Data 433.9 kb/sec 433.9 kb/sec Asymmetric Data 723.2 kb/sec or 57.6 kb/sec 57.6 kb/sec or 723.2 kb/sec Reference [www.bluetooth.com ] A combined data-voice SCO packet is defined, which can give 64 kb/sec voice and 64 kb/sec data in each direction. 3.3 THE PICONET: Bluetooth devices can pair up with one or more other Bluetooth devices in several different ways. The simplest way of connecting two Bluetooth devices, is by connecting point-to-point when there are two Bluetooth devices is known as Pico net. One of the devices acts as the salve and the other as a master. This ad-hoc network is a good example for a Pico net. A simple Pico net network needs to have one master and one or more slave, the Bluetooth can have maximum of seven slaves in a Pico net network. In the case of multiple slaves, the communication topology is known as point-to-multipoint. In this case, the bandwidth is shared among all the devices in the Pico net. They can communicate up to seven active slaves in a Pico net. In the case of multiple slaves concept the slaves need to have specific address. So each of the active slaves has been assigned 3-bit Active Member address (AM_ADDR). There can be extra slaves who remain synchronized to the master, but these will not have an Active Member address. The slaves are not active and are referred to as parked. In case of both active and parked units, the complete bandwidth is synchronized by the master. A parked device will have an 8-bit Parked Member Address (PM_ADDR), thus we can have maximum number of parked members to 256. A parked device remains synchronized to the master clock and can vary quickly, become active and communicate with other devices in the Pico net. 3.4 THE SCATTERNET: The process in which two adjacent Pico nets have an overlapping of coverage area is known as scatter net. Slaves in one Pico net can take part in another Pico net as either a master or slave; it can be done through time division multiplexing. In a scatter net, the two (or more) Pico nets are not synchronized in either time or frequency. Each of the Pico nets operates in its own frequency hopping channel while other devices in multiple Pico nets participate at the appropriate time via time division multiplexing. Let us assume two different Pico nets one consisting of mobile phone and PC, while the adjacent Pico net person consisting of a cell phone, headset and business card scanner. Dig Ref : www.wirelessadvent .com/channel/blutooth/feartutre/bluetooth .html The cubicle 1 may set up cubicle 2 business card scanner also transmit the information that is scanned to your PC so that you will have access to his business contacts information. 3.5 AUTHENTICATION AND PRIVACY: Authentication and privacy are handled at the software protocol layer and it is also provided in the Bluetooth physical layer. A particular connection can be specific to need either one-way, two-way, or no authentication. The authentication is generally done using a challenge or response to the system. The system supports both 40 and 64 bit keys. The authentication of the user is done at application layers. This security mechanism and the related software allow the user to set up his or her devices only to communicate with each other. All Bluetooth devices employ this physical layer security in the same way. Of course, for highly aware applications, it is also recommended that you use more advanced algorithms in the network transport or application layer. 3.6 HARDWARE FOR BLUETOOTH: Bluetooth hardware can be divided into two modules, they are. Radio Module Link Module. The Radio Module: Bluetooth devices operate in 2.4GHz Industrial Scientific Medicine (ISM) band. The frequency is an unlicensed one because of international standards and a few exceptions in certain countries like France (2446.5 to 2483.5 MHz) and Spain (2445 to 2475 MHz .So range of frequency is defined with unlicensed version from 2400 to 2483.5 MHz. These local versions have a reduced frequency band and a different hopping algorithm, the Bluetooth SIG is working with authorities in different countries to open compact ability. The RF channels used in Bluetooth technology are from 2402 to 2480 MHz with a channel spacing of one MHz. Frequency hopping has been implemented in order to reduce interference and fading effects. So we have 625 microseconds the channel will hop to another frequency within the 2402 to 2480 MHz range, so we get 1600 hops every second. Every Pico net has a unique hopping sequence which is determined by using an algorithm; the uses of Bluetooth device address the master device. All Bluetooth units in the Pico net are then synchronized to this hopping sequence. All packets are transmitted at the beginning in one of the 625 microsecond time slots, a packet may take 5 time slots. A time division duplex method is used to facilitate full duplex transmission. It is normally done this way, during even numbered slots the master transmits data and odd numbered slots are for a slave to transmits data. In voice data, these time slots can be reserved for synchronous applications. Bluetooth technology use Gaussian Frequency Shift Keying (GFSK) for modulation. A binary system is used where logical one is represented by a positive frequency deviation and a logical zero is represented by a negative frequency deviation. The data is transmitted at a sign rate of 1 Ms/sec. The Link Module The Link Module and Link Manager Software are responsible for the baseband protocols and some other low level link functions. This are related to sending/receiving data, setting up connections, error detection and correction, data whitening, power management and authentication. The link module in the Bluetooth is responsible for deriving the hop sequence. This can be done by using the BD_ADDR (Bluetooth Device Address) of the master device. All Bluetooth devices are assigned with a 48-bit IEEE 802 address. This 48-bit master device address is used by all other devices in the Pico net to derive the hop sequence. The Link Module is also responsible for performing three error correction schemes that are defined for Bluetooth: 1/3 rate FEC 2/3 rate FEC ARQ scheme for the data The purpose of having two FEC (forward error correction) schemes is to reduce the number of retransmissions. The ARQ scheme (automatic retransmission request) is responsible for the data to be retransmitted until an acknowledgement is received indicating a successful transmission (or until a pre-defined time-out occurs). A CRC (cyclic redundancy check) code of 2 bytes is added to each packet and used by the receiver to decide whether the packet arrived is error free or not. Note that the ARQ scheme is only used for data packets, but not for synchronous payloads such as voice. Bluetooth provides necessities for three low power saving modes to conserve battery life. These states in decreasing order of power are Sniff Mode, Hold Mode, and Park Mode. While in the Sniff mode, a device listens to the Pico net at a reduced rate. The Sniff intervals provide flexibility for different applications and are programmable. The Hold mode is same as the Park mode, except that the AM_ADDR (Active Member address) is retained. In Park mode, the slave clock continues to run and remains synchronized to the master, but whereas the device does not participate at all in the Pico net. CHAPTER 4 SYSTEM DESIGN 4.1 INTRODUCTION TO SYSTEM DESIGN: The Basic structure of software has been developed as an application based on Bluetooth technology, using the host controller interface concept. This is one of the most common physical implementation in which external cards are plugged into the host computer .when cond in this manner we need to have some ways to send the data and commands to module to obtain the results. The Bluetooth specification has such provision to have host controller interface. The Bluetooth protocol stack consists of the radio, link controller, link manager and the rest of the protocol stack from the L2CAP and above resides on the Host controller interface (HCI) .Hence the HCI provides the communication between the application at the top layer to the link manager, two ways audio packet transportation and transfer the data packet between module (USB dongle) and host computer. HCI interface does not require great knowledge or certification, but it is a good idea when you want to implement any software so that it has wide range of compatibility and also provides us in operating the third party protocol also. The Host cont