A history of the telephone

A past filled with the phone The Telephone In todays world we can venture into our pocket, get our phone, and dial the individual we wish to get in contact with and be speaking with them in a flash. In right now, this appears not a problem by any means, however everything needed to begin some place. In the mid 1800s this was not the situation. So as to converse with somebody, it must be eye to eye, or through a letter. In exploring the life stories of the designers of the phone, it became evident that Alexander Graham Bell had the most impact and is acknowledged the most for the innovation of the phone. The primary phone worked by Bell alongside Thomas Watson was developed with a pipe, a dish of corrosive, a modest quantity of copper wire, all on a wooden stand. Its remarkable to observe the changes of that time and contrast it with the phone innovations experienced in the present. Likewise with most innovations, Bell didn't have the goals initially of making a gadget that would have the option to transmit discourse with the utilization of electric flow. Rather, Bell initially was just centered around transmitting numerous tones and signals over a solitary wire. So as to get to this point however, the historical backdrop of transmitting just power over a wire, to sound, to the message should be seen fairly. Stephen Gray was one of the principal realized researchers to transmit power over a wire in 1729 (refer to). After him came two men, Pieter van Musschenbroek and Ewald von Kleist, who created what seems, by all accounts, to be the principal endeavor at a battery known as the Leyden jar(cite), which would be utilized in trials, talks and exhibitions generally later on. This kind of friction based electricity would falter researchers for a considerable length of time doing tests including making and putting away the friction based electricity, yet it could never be ground-breaking enough to control anything. The principal real battery was developed by Alessandro Volta, however it despite everything was not amazing enough to have any utilization with machines. Batteries would turn out to be artificially based as they despite everything may be, yet it was insufficient to get to the transmission of voice over wire. What was should have been comprehended alongside power to turn out to be nearer to the innovation of the telephone was attraction. Christian Oersted (refer to) began the thought and around 1820 found electromagnetism. He established that an attractive field could be made by power, so the inquiry was could the inverse be conceivable? One of the principle factors that would in the long run lead to the creation of the phone was that of acceptance. Michael Faraday a year later is the individual who turned around Oersteds discoveries and made, or prompted, an electric flow utilizing an electric field. This significant find in history implied that mechanical vitality can create electrical vitality. This would inevitably prompt hand turning and winding, windmills, and watermills. This was the creation of the main generator. As yet ever, the moving of power had been finished, yet there had been no commonsense use. In 1830 that changed when Joseph Henry utilized an electric flow just because to show correspondence was conceivable. In his study hall he made an examination where he totally an electric circuit, and when the circuit was totally it made a steel bar swing and strike a chime. While Henry didn't seek after his discoveries more, Samuel Morse made the primary working message. Samuel Morse is most broadly known for coding framework he created so as to utilize the machine to transmit messages. Morse code utilizes the message making electric heartbeats and sending them starting with one station then onto the next. At the getting station the code is separated into Morses arrangement of specks and runs. Tapping the message makes a dab, while holding down makes a progression of runs. Morse code and telecommunication got expanding famous as it caused for the decrease in the old strategies for shipping messages, for example, the Pony Express. What this everything is significant for and paves the way to is that now innovators and researchers were starting to concentrate on the transmission of discourse over an electric ebb and flow, yet has not exactly occurred at this point. Charles Bourseul was one of the first to expound on transmitting human discourse over a wire, yet never rehearsed his thought. It would be Johann Phillip (refer to) in 1861 who might make the principal phone appearing gadget, that didn't work.

Doesnt fit her ( wrote it in the other instruction box) Assignment - 1

Doesnt fit her ( composed it in the other guidance box) - Assignment Example Thus, the congregation can't essentially impact or keep the state from proceeding with its arrangements, rules, and laws (Stearns, 2011). In like manner, the secularism idea accurately asserts all religions have the equivalent or equivalent level in the public eye. One strict gathering ought not be above or better than another strict gathering. For instance, the Buddhism religion ought to be better than the Christian religion. Similarly, the Islam religion must not be better than the Christian religion (Stearns, 2011). Further, James Wood legitimately utilizes the Atheist guide to demonstrate Christianity can be accommodated with secularism. The agnostic (mainstream) questions the hypothesis of the big_bang blast idea, making the chance of Christianity’s creation idea inside a common domain. The blast idea repudiates God’s making the universe. By scrutinizing the idea of the Big Bang hypothesis, it resembles a Democrat Party individual addressing whether the person in question is genuinely a Democrat. In another article, James Wood effectively clarifies the issue of secularism to Gopnik. The conversation concentrated on current day society (The New Yorker, 2014). Gopnik’s growing up years incorporates having a common family. Gopnik experienced childhood in a profoundly strict condition. Wood experienced childhood in a Christian family condition. Both Gopnik and Wood acknowledge the Atheism idea. Agnosticism repudiates the nearness of a God who made the universe. Both Wood and Gopnik embrace the unbridled law based exercise of various strict convictions and the equivalent beliefs’ related encounters, demonstrating Christianity ideas can flourish well in a mainstream agnostic condition. Moreover, Christianity legitimately directs that strict pioneers can guidance the individuals on acceptable behavior or not follow up on certain policy centered issues. The Christian strict pioneers may lead the individuals to mobilize against the section of specific laws that run against certain strict lessons. Such lessons

Outside

Inside/Outside Wow so ……. I’ve been MIA for a whiiile. In the past 2 months â€" which is an eternity in cyberspace (sorry ‚òp), I: * Finished 1st year!!! Woop woop! It was crazy hard, no lies, but simply the wide/fresh variety of faces and experiences makes it all worthwhile. * Came home to find my bed upgraded from twin size to full size (!!); makes me scared about the transition back to twin size in September though â€" heh. * Drowned in all the sports championships I care about (or in the case of the World Cup pretend to care about in spirit of global love): French Open (Vamos…); NBA Finals (aww Boston…; next year!); Wimbledon (Rafa!!!); and yea, the month-long World Cup â€" I don’t have much knowledge about soccer or the patience to watch it, but seeing a goal finally being made and all the fans in pandemonium of national pride is pretty exciting â€" I like, and want to join, so semi-arbitrarily: Viva Espana! Let’s just move on from here. To me, summer has always been the time for some self-improvement in all areas of life â€" and that includes going through a summer reading list and catching up on a whole list of movies (recommendations?). Basically, it’s the time to become a Renaissance Man! â€" someone with skills/substantial knowledge in many different fields. So besides reading and watching movies and all the summer bummin’ I can categorize as “catching up with culture and society,” I also have on the list reacquainting-with-French, cooking/baking, paint, budget, and exercising (once again). But I’m excited to share another project I have for the summer; I bought it as a challenge for myself on my birthday. (It actually extends beyond summer, into January 2011). It’s called the Sketchbook Project; 2011 Tour. (Tagline: “It’s like a concert tour but with sketchbooks). Essentially, you pay $25 to get a blank Moleskine cahier sketchbook, which youre supposed to fill up by January and send it back to Art House Co-op, the organization that runs this project. (You pick a theme to somewhat guide the pieces you create.) The nationwide tour starts in February at the Brooklyn Art Library in New York, and then brings thousands of sketchbooks to six other cities including San Francisco and Chicago. I’ve kept many sketchbooks/notebooks in the past, but to date, have completely filled up none…:( I want to finish one!!! This will be the one: The theme I picked (from a hat) is inside/outside (which could have strong architectural implications so that’s something to think abouthmm). So far, I’ve only done something on the cover. Like I wrote in my bio, even though Im probably going to be Jenny for the rest of my life, I really want to be a Chlov ©.so see if you see what I did there. :P Anyways, so many creamy pagesLOTS. OF. WORK. TO. DO.need. inspiration. Hey, Hi Inspiration! My parents decided a trip northbound through upstate New York to Niagara Falls and into Canada would be great for “getting in tune with nature and getting inspired”. Off we went for 4th of July weekend. Some sights along the way: This was literary my view for hours.Did not realize these United States had so much farmlandand corn Niagara Falls illuminated @ night. Breathtaking.wrath of nature. In the daytime. I was on a boat like that. And I felt vaguely like Columbus discovering America. 2x the rainbow. :) As great people have described before, traveling does wonders. Lots of thoughts are flowing in my head right nowTrying to translate those into words and pictures. And brainstorming for more trips. ;) 2014’s! Hope your summers are going swell â€" perhaps indulging in some quality rr before the hectic times @ MIT officially begin? So yea â€" if in your glorious, final pre-college summer days, you brew up any specific questions about [emailprotected], feel free to post them here. Same goes for ’15?s ’16?s ’17?s… always. haha ‚ò?.

How to promote yourself in different Social Media Sites.

As a continuation to the previous post, there are also social media web-sites, which can be very useful for you. Promoting yourself in Social Media Sites like Facebook.com, Twitter.com, Answers.yahoo.com and others is another good way of gaining more orders. Register yourself to the Top Social Media Sites. The most appropriate sites for you, where you could have more chance to meet targeted visitors are the following: answers.yahoo.com, freelancer.com, craigslist.org, facebook.com. To read how you should proceed on each of these web-sites, login and go to the News section. Best Regards, ThePesnters.com team

Solutions to Murder on the Orient Express Essay Topics in Easy to Follow Step by Step Detail

Solutions to Murder on the Orient Express Essay Topics in Easy to Follow Step by Step Detail Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Murder on the Orient Express Essay Topics Is Wrong Poirot agrees that America is an area of progress, but it's clear this progress isn't always positive. He offers Poirot a significant sum of money in the event the famed Belgium will safeguard his life. To start with, it's required to admit that a number of the characteristics of Murder on the Orient Express are entirely normal for detective genre, especially in regards to Agatha Christie's classical detectives. Poirot isn't just a sleuth, he's also a retired police officer. Murder on the Orient Express is among the most famed detectives of the famed writer Agatha Christie. It is one of only three Christie novels in which the killer or killers are not punished. What to Expect From Murder on the Orient Express Essay Topics? He additionally found that each passenger had an alibi, and none se emed too concerned with the whole case or their very own personal innocence. Though, nobody could quite understand how EVERY passenger on the whole train was guilty! It says that loss of control comprises the objective test that is actually supposed to be subjective test which means that it's not greatly improved. And she'd sit in the vehicle and pretend to hold the wheel. Relatives couldn't permit the murderer to escape responsibility, that's the jury trial. In addition, it means that every one of the suspects are available easily as there's nowhere to hide or run. This is the way he is equipped to address the crime. I will begin with Murder Commiting Essay The issue with committing murder is the high danger of being caught. However, it's also the ideal murder. The Word file provides unlimited customizing options so you can teach in the most effective manner possible. Length will vary based on format viewed. Five years before, he kidnapped a three-year-old heiress to a large fortune. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Hardman loses his persona at the same point. We are going to take a look straight away. A man named Stephen gets off a train and he's set on doing something he has planned to do for a lengthy time. No added characters, no additional objects, everything is linked to the crime performed. From a alight princess to a typical maid, a wide array of individuals are aboard the train at this moment. Ratchett both in persona together with in name is not anything more than a front for the authentic face of evil. Sometimes innocent men and women are convicted, and at times criminals escape justice. Also, it's quite simple to decide on the precise time when certain events happened. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Even if they take a certain course because they are really interested in the subject, this stil l doesn't mean that they enjoy every aspect of it. Finding the Best Murder on the Orient Express Essay Topics There's, naturally, a limit on the variety of pages even our very best writers can produce with a pressing deadline, but generally, we figure out how to satisfy all the clients seeking urgent assistance. It is possible to also secure many discounts on our site which will help you to save some more money for future orders or anything you want to spend them on. However, you can rest assured that you're getting a fine work for the price tag you're paying. Despite the fact that you pay for homework, we provide those options at no cost. Identifying and removing evil individuals is the sole means to restore a level of social purchase. Through a mix of astute observation, reason, and logic Poirot has the capability to assemble the facts of his case and supply a comprehensive explanation. The previous criticism I am going to be taking a look at the concerns raised when look ing at intention and oblique intention it's known to be the most fundamental idea of criminal law which remains so unclear this is due to the debut of the mens rea malice aforethought express or implied which is extremely difficult for the jury to comprehend. The Little-Known Secrets to Murder on the Orient Express Essay Topics There are many explanations as to why I feel this and throughout this paper I hope you will understand why. Christie does not draw conclusions for us and it is all up to us as readers to choose what's the correct plan of action given the conditions of the plot. This book demonstrates that if it was for the better, then it's fair. Inside this section, the narration consciously changes to the very first person and the reader knows precisely what the men are thinking on their perspective. Ratchett had escaped justice in the united states. But no criminal justice process is ideal. I, however, will leave this up to you to choose which is the best remedy t o give to the Yugoslavian police. He never should resort of physical tactics to address the crime. The government also have acknowledged the fat that the law of murder should turn into a statute law, they've also asked the law commissions to research this area so they can create a study on the potential reforms. Agatha Christie's message is that law court is unable to guarantee justice anymore and that's why the jury system becomes a way of establishing justice.

Cja 314 Crime Data Free Essays

Crime Data Comparison Paper CJA/314 April 2, 2013 Paula Rutkowski Data Comparison The rates of any crime in the database are extremely different based on location and population. The two areas that are selected for this paper were Akron, Ohio, based on that I have family that reside there and it was very interesting looking at the statistics in this area. Also, another area chosen was Altoona, Pennsylvania, based on several friends/family is from that area as well. We will write a custom essay sample on Cja 314 Crime Data or any similar topic only for you Order Now This paper will cover crime data from 2007, 2008, 2009 based on Aggravated Assault cases in those areas. The statistics show dramatic changes within both areas over the years according to the Federal Bureau of Investigation. Reported Incidents The population of Akron, Ohio, was 699,760 in 2007. It is estimated that a total of 902 cases of aggravated assault was reported. In comparison the population of Altoona, Pennsylvania was 125,800 and the total population of reported cases of aggravated assault was 238. Altoona had a vastly smaller population than Akron and in turn had much less reported cases of aggravated assault. Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area 2007. ) In 2008 the population of each area did not change very much. Akron increased by 154 people placing them at a population of 699,914, and Altoona decreased to a population of 125,036 dropping their total population by 764 people. Akron in 2008 had 1,137 reported aggravated assault cases and Altoona had 246 reported aggravated assault cases. (Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area 200 8. ) In 2009 the population of each area increased. Akron had a large increase of 1,018 more people. Altoona’s population increased by only 33 people. Akron’s reported aggravated assault cases jumped to 1,248 an increase of 111 reported cases. However, Altoona’s reported aggravated assault cases only went up to 249. (Crime in the United States by Metropolitan Statistical Area, 2009. ) Rate of Crime in Area Altoona, Pennsylvania, had an approximate population of only 17. 96% of Akron, Ohio. In 2008 it decreased to 17. 86% of that of Akron, Ohio. In 2009 it was at 17. 84% of that of Akron, Ohio. Even with these percentages Altoona, Pennsylvania, did not fall below 19. 5% of aggravated assaults reported to law enforcement in Akron, Ohio. Conducting a comparison of population between both metro areas shows Altoona experienced 26. 38% of Akron’s aggravated assault cases in 2007, 21. 63% in 2008, and finally 19. 95 in 2009. When comparing statistical data is helpful to note that reported crime rates was based on known occurrences of the crime in a given area. E very year there is numerous crimes committed in every metropolitan city that go unreported to the proper law enforcement agency. Statistical data is only as good as the reporting of the crimes in each city. Rate Change Akron, Ohio, in 2007 had an aggravated assault rate of 128. 9 per 100,000 residents. Altoona, Pennsylvania, had an aggravated assault rate of 189. 2 per 100,000 residents. Akron, Ohio, in 2008 had an aggravated assault rate of 162. 4 per 100,000 residents a truly significant increase from 2007. Altoona, Pennsylvania, had an aggravated assault rate of 126. 2 per 100,000 residents, which was an excellent improvement over 2007. The reported incidents of aggravated assault have fluxgate a large amount over the years, and this can be caused by many factors to include the economy, housing, population, and increase in criminal organizations in the area. Factors leading to Crime Rates for Given Area In Altoona, Pennsylvania, the psychological effects of a poor economy may be a leading factor in the large increase in reported aggravated assault cases. The fall in the economy can greatly affect the crime rates at metropolitan cities. In Akron, Ohio, the rate of aggravated assault increased from 2007-2008, and from 2008-2009. The population only increased by 154 people from 2007-2008, and by 1018 from 2008-2009. Population growth could not be seen as a cause in the increase in reported aggravated assault cases. Akron was going through economic struggles during these time periods and again economic issues can be a large factor in increased crime rates. Lack of jobs and increase in lower income families has been shown to be leading causes of crime rate increases. References Federal Bureau of Investigation. Crime Statistics (2007). Retrieved on October 11, 2012 from http://www. fbi. gov/about-us/cjis/ucr/ucr How to cite Cja 314 Crime Data, Papers

Schizoid Personality Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Psychopathology

Schizoid Personality Schizophrenia is a mental disease that effects over 1 percent of the population. It can occur at any age but most commonly happens between 16-30. It leaves the patient confused in a chaotic state of mind with multiple debilitating mental confusion. The first of them being delusions, the patient is convinced that people around them can read their minds, and that they can read other peoples (British Journal of Psychology, 625). The patient then begins to believe that the people around them are plotting against them and are out to get them. Not only does the disease effect the patient mentally though, but also it starts to effect their physical sensations. The patients can`t interpret incoming sensations and can`t control their physical emotions, this effects the patients common sense of what to do in every day situations. For example when a person with normal mental health receives a gift their natural reaction would be to thank the person who gave it to them. A schizophrenic person would become confused and be unable to react and cope with the situation. The patient begins to get an altered sense of themselves and have an extremely hard time functioning in every day life. They start to believe they can control other people`s thoughts. They usually start to become violent because they get so confused with the thoughts of plots against them they believe they are defending themselves. A person who is diagnosed with a schizoid personality is basically on the way to having schizophrenia. It is considered a stage to the disease. The causes of each of the diseases are the same, and most of them are physical abnormalities of the brain. In over hundreds of studies on schizophrenia and similar mental conditions doctors have found some similar abnormalities in the brains of the patients. The first being enlarged ventricles in the brain (British Journal of Psychology, 697). The second being a reduced volume of gray matter in the brain, mainly in the temporal and frontal lobes (British Journal of Psychology, 110). The third is an enlarged amygdala and an increased number of white matter hypertesites (British Journal of Psychology, 260). Finally a set of neuropsychological abnorms such as cognitive functions, information processing, and verbal memory (Fourth Generation of Progress, 1245). In some other studies doctors have found a reduced prefrontal area. A doctor will not diagnose a person with schizoid personality or schizophrenia based off physical abnormalities though. The patient must experience a loss of reality, and that loss must maintain for at least six months. Doctors also have to rule out drug use, which can produce similar behavior as schizophrenia. Doctors must also rule out depression, delusional disorders, and paranoid personality disorder. The doctor must observe that the person is socially distant too. The doctor can look at a number of symptoms of schizoid personality. The first being emotional coldness, the patient will not desire nor enjoy close relationships including being part of a family. The patient will almost always choose solitary activities. The patient will have no desire for sexual experiences. The patient will take place in few if any activities. The patient lacks friends other than first-degree relatives and finally the patient will be indifferent to praise or criticism (www.mentalhealth.com). In the treating of schizoid personality medicine is not an option. Medications almost always don`t work. There are three different therapies` that generally work the best. Psychosocial therapy which is for less sever cases of the disease. This is considered sort of an outpatient program. The physician appreciates the privacy and maintains a low-key approach toward the patient. The doctor becomes involved in the patient`s life, but not as far as to push comfortable limits. The patient is encouraged to go on with everyday life and learns to adapt back to society (www.mentalhealth.com). The next treatment most commonly used is individual therapy. This is usually a long-term therapy in which the doctor becomes very involved with the patient`s life. This therapy involves a long gradual development of trust. The patient is provided with a sense of optimism, but the doctor is careful not to overwhelm the patient. The most successful therapy involves interaction that is constant and supportive, and yet allows the patient to set a distance of comfortability. After a period of time the patient will begin to reveal their fears, imaginary friends, and other attributes of the disease on the way to recovery (Harvard Medical Letter, Oct.1997). Finally group therapy is used to help the disease. This is generally for sever cases, people who have completely detached themselves

Forensic Psychology and Cognitive Perspective Research Paper

Forensic Psychology and Cognitive Perspective Research Paper Free Online Research Papers Forensic Psychology and Cognitive Perspective Research Paper Have you ever watched â€Å"The Practice† or â€Å"Law and Order† and wondered who selects the jury for a trial or helps the eyewitnesses fill in the fuzzy sections of their memories? Chances are you didn’t realize that the guy who performed the lie detector test on the suspect in the last episode of â€Å"CSI† was a forensic psychologist either. These are just a few of the jobs fulfilled by legal or forensic psychologists. Forensic psychology is tied closest to the cognitive perspective. The cognitive perspective was developed by George Miller, Jerome Bruner, and Ulrich Neisser throughout the 1900’s. It focused on identifying the process of thinking, memory, and organizing and storing information. It also looked at mental imaging, language, and dreams, with the main idea that perceptions and thoughts influence behavior. Forensic psychologists not only offer their expert opinion at trials, but can also be found helping a witness identify a murderer in a line of suspects. They sometimes hypnotize subjects to help them remember things or interview potential jury members to eliminate those who may be biased. These tasks relate to the cognitive activities of thinking, memory and perceptions. Other times, they give their own expert testimony at trials which could result in an individual being confined to a mental institution, receive huge monetary awards, obtain custody of a child, or lose his or her life. Legal psychologists play a big role in the justice system. Forensic psychologists often work within the judicial system in such diverse areas as determining an inmate’s readiness for parole; evaluation of rehabilitation programs; criminal competency; tort liability and damages; evidence; jury selection; and police training. The evaluations of the mental state of individuals also communicate the cognitive perspective. They may also be employed in other areas of jurisprudence, including patent and trademark disputes, divorce and custody cases, product liability, and taxation. Psychologists advise their clients in several ways, including diagnostic appraisals, which may determine the capability of the client to stand trial. They are also called to provide clinically-based opinions on a wide variety of issues arising from their diagnoses. Sometimes they obtain hospital records, police reports, witness statements, and provide relevant research. Besides submitting these and other findings, they are often required to testify in court. Forens ic psychologists may be hired by a defense attorney to evaluate the defendant’s mental processes. They administer personality and intelligence tests after being briefed on the circumstances of the crime and examining records detailing the mental or emotional problems and treatment. Forensic psychology can also be tied to the ideas of structuralism: structure of conscious experience (such as witnessing a crime); objective sensations- seeing, touching, tasting, hearing; and subjective feelings like memories and thoughts. Legal psychologists are regularly consulted in child custody cases. Both parents must be evaluated, the children, and other relevant family members. It may involve visits to the home of each parent to find out additional information on the relationship between the parent and child and the living environment. They want to determine the best interests of the child. They may train police officers to handle diverse situations like domestic abuse, suicide threats, hostage crises, and how to control crowds. If the police have an idea of the mental processes of those they are involved with, they can do their jobs better. Clinicians who enter the forensic area seek to uncover truth whatever the implications may be. Forensic psycho physiologists determine whether or not people are telling the truth with the use of polygraph machines. The machine records a person’s physical response to questions then the results are shared with the person at the requesting agency. The lie detector measures blood pressure, breathing, electrical conductivity of the skin, pulse, and perspiration in order to tell if a person is lying or not. This aspect of forensics especially ties back to the cognitive perspective and conscious thoughts. If the inquired party does not provide accurate answers, then their body’s reaction gives them away. Forensic or legal psychology is most directly related to the cognitive perspective because most of this profession deals with mentality, memories and conscious thoughts. Psychologists assess witnesses and suspects for accuracy in objective thoughts and help enhance memories to uncover the truth and put away the bad guys. Gall, Susan. The Gale Encyclopedia of Psychology. 1996. Faust, David and Ziskin, Jay. â€Å"Science† [http://web3.infotrac.gale] July 1, 1088 Mariani, Matthew. â€Å"Occupational Outlook Quarterly† [http://web3.infotrac.gale] Spring 1996 Murphey, Joann, M.D. â€Å"Forensic Psychology† [drjmurphey.com/forensic.htm] 2003 Research Papers on Forensic Psychology and Cognitive Perspective Research PaperThree Concepts of PsychodynamicEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenUnreasonable Searches and SeizuresThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UseStandardized TestingMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyInfluences of Socio-Economic Status of Married MalesIncorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in CapitalPETSTEL analysis of India

Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form

Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form Broadcast vs Broadcasted as Past Form By Maeve Maddox DM wonders about the usage of words such as â€Å"cast, broadcast, and cost.† As far as I can remember the past tense and past P. of broadcast is broadcast; however recently I checked an online dictionary and it has broadcasted. Is this an American standard or has it always been like this?†¨ The three examples, cast, broadcast, and cost belong to that dwindling category of strong verbs that continue to change their past forms. Broadcasted has already made the leap. The alternate form broadcasted is in the big dictionaries on both sides of the Atlantic. Merriam-Webster lists it among the inflected forms: broadcast also broadcasted; broadcast also broadcasted; broadcasting; broadcasts The OED gives it a nod in very tiny type after its definition of the radio transmission use:  Inflected pa. tense and pa. pple. broadcast. occas. broadcasted. AskOxford is unequivocally accepting: broadcast: verb (past broadcast; past part. broadcast or broadcasted) 1 transmit by radio or television. Although broadcasted has gained acceptance in the realm of radio transmissions, I would hesitate to use the -ed form to refer to sowing. Broadcast entered the language as an adjective to describe the spreading, or casting, of seed by hand, as opposed to planting it in furrows or holes. The first recorded use of the adjective is 1767. The first documented use of broadcast as a verb, still in the context of spreading seed, is 1813. It acquired its radio sense in 1921. When it comes to the regularized forms â€Å"costed’ and â€Å"casted,† writers will want to exercise caution. In modern usage casted is not universally accepted. It’s not even in the online Merriam-Webster Abridged (yet). It is in the OED, but only as an obsolete form of cast. â€Å"Elijah Wood was casted as Frodo Baggins,† sounds horribly incorrect to my ears, but an online search for casted without quotation marks brings up 3,030,000 hits; with quotation marks, 1,250,000. These numbers suggest that â€Å"casted† as the past tense of cast, at least in the context of choosing actors for a role, will eventually make it into standard usage. The form casted also crops up as a suffix in computer jargon: Using modern OpenGL and GLSL for preprocessing and ray-casted visualization, the BlockMap and its evolution are used to build a realtime multiresolution renderer for large urban models. The OED entry offers 83 numbered definitions for cast as a verb, including its use to express the casting of metal, the casting of lots, and the casting of aspersions. For these the standard past form is undeniably cast. (My search also turned up numerous examples of the nonstandard form casted in connection with the casting of metal.) Costed has not replaced past tense of cost in ordinary speech. I don’t think that many native speakers above the age of five would say â€Å"The gum ball costed a quarter.† As a transitive verb meaning â€Å"to estimate or fix the cost of production of an article or piece of work,† however, the accepted past form is costed: Rich world money systems place no value on coral or Amazonian rainforest. They cannot be traded, so they cannot be costed. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:20 Pairs of One-Word and Two-Word FormsWhat the heck are "learnings"?

What Makes a Good Leader (Organisational Behaviour) Essay

What Makes a Good Leader (Organisational Behaviour) - Essay Example In contemporary times, we tend to understand and relate to ‘leadership’ in relation to management of people for attaining specific goals. A comprehensive concept of leadership can be obtained by learning about Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States. This report evaluates Lincoln’s leadership qualities, as explained in literature on politics, history and management, in comparison with conventional and contemporary leadership theories. Methods: Numerous concepts and theories of leadership exist in the management literature. Northouse (2009) has clubbed various leadership theories into understandable concepts, which include the trait, management, skills, style, situation, transformational, authentic leadership, psychodynamic theory etc. In this report, Lincoln’s leadership based on these theories and perspectives is evaluated in a concise manner. Results: From skills perspective, Tarbell (2008) points out that Lincoln’s efforts in spee ch making started during his childhood and used to attend court sessions to learn law. He had the ability to attract crowds by initiating story telling acts, which were highly appreciated by the crowds. Lincoln was greatly drawn towards gaining knowledge and understanding of politics, history, as well as great leadership of people such as Washington (Charnwood, 2008). According to Curtis (1902), ‘Abraham Lincoln's originality, fearlessness, and self- confidence, his unerring perceptions of right and wrong, made him a leader and gave him an influence which other men did not have† (p.371). Northouse (2009) highlights five types of power that leaders exercise namely, referent, expert, legitimate, reward and coercive power, all of which were exercised by Lincoln. From leadership traits theory perspective, Lincoln’s leadership can be compared with Stodgill’s postulation of leadership traits (see appendix 1). In fact, Northouse (2009) explains that trait theories of leadership are based on the innate qualities and characteristics possessed by great leaders of the past, of which Lincoln is also one. The skills perspective emphasizes three main competencies, problem-solving skills, social judgment skills and knowledge. Abraham Lincoln’s skills of communicating, inspiring, immense knowledge and the way he handled the civil war are exemplary of his unmatchable leadership skills. His strategic way of handling the civil war after he was elected as the President paved successful ending of the war (Wilson, 2008), especially when he did not have any experience of handling war. Moreover, his knowledge, people connect, and ability to influence and inspire helped in this situation. Lincoln’s leadership style is believed to be flexible and also firm, and it depended upon the situation. Phillips (2007) explains that Lincoln was remarkably consistent during his Presidency, which was replicated to his cabinet members’ actions and decis ions. Here, he was also directive and encouraging. He encouraged involvement from others in critical decision making processes, especially those related to the civil war. Phillips (2007) explains, ‘Lincoln was a leader who would not and did not limit himself† (p.78); this indicates his flexibility and commitment towards his responsibilities and ambition. These two skills are considered as essential skills for leaders. On the leadership grid, proposed by Blake and Mouton, Lincoln can be placed in Team management grid because of

Sales Manual for Strategically Planning a Sales Presentation Term Paper

Sales Manual for Strategically Planning a Sales Presentation - Term Paper Example However, the company has established sales distribution chain to reach the customers. The company has distributors worldwide to distribute the products to the wholesalers. In most occasions, the company has standardized supply chain to sell its products. The distributors get the products directly from the company. They distribute mainly to the wholesalers. However, Cadbury products are very perishable and they require few distribution channels. These distributors may sell the products to the final consumers but at a retail price. The wholesalers, on the other hand, sell directly to the retailers and to the final consumers. Although the chain of distribution is flexible, they are guided by the regulations. For instance, the price per unit to the final consumers is the same, but B2B price is subsidized. This will ensure business harmony in all transactions. Personal selling refers to oral or verbal communication with the potential customers of the Cadbury products with the aim of increasing the sales. This approach has been very important because it focuses on developing a concrete relationship with the consumers or the buyers. Furthermore, it is one of the elements of the promotion mix as well as an effective tool of promotion. Prospecting-the company has used personal selling in looking for new customers to buy the products. Like any other business, the company continuously looks for new markets for its products as this is the way to measure the growth of the company. By looking for many markets, the company can increase its sales and maximize the profits. Personal selling plays a significant role in realizing this. Communicating- personal selling is more expressional than any other approach. This is the most suitable way of explaining to both the existing and new clients of the range of the products. Customers get instant feedback to their questions about the products hence easy to persuade them to make purchasing decisions. Information

Power Grid Analysis Load Flow Study

Power Grid Analysis Load Flow Study Power Systems Assignment 1 Power Grid Analysis Contents 1.Introduction What is a Smart Grid? What is ETAP? 2.Electrical Grid Proposal 3.Initial Design Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section Electric Arc Furnace Section Wind Farm Section Transmission Lines 4.Initial Design Analysis Load Flow Study Load Flow Conclusion 5.Re-Design Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section Electric Arc Furnace Section Wind Farm Section Filters 5.Re-Design Analysis Scenario 1 Load Flow Study Scenario 2 Load Flow Study 6.Conclusion 7.Recommendation 8.Bibliography What is a Smart Grid? The original power grids were constructed more than 100 years ago, when electricity demand was low. Power grids where local to individual cities and were powered by local power stations. Most homes had a very small electricity demand, such as powering up a few small lamps. The power grid was constructed as a limited one-way interaction, with electricity passing from the power station into homes. This one was interaction, with no feedback makes it difficult for the gird to respond to the current day, ever changing, rising electricity demand of the 21st century. The smart grid introduces a two-way interaction, where electricity and data can be exchanged between the generation plant and the end users. It is an ever-expanding network of computers, controls, automation and innovation working together to make the power grid, more secure, more reliable, more efficient and more environmentally friendly. Smart grid enables the generation from new generation sources such as wind, solar and tidal, as well as traditional power stations. With the ongoing advancements in smart grid technologies, a smart grid will replace the existing infrastructure of the power grid. This will leave better communication between end users and generators to help manage our electricity needs. A recently released study by the PNNL (Pacific Northwest National Laboratory) reviewed American homeowners who had updated to new smart grid technologies to monitor and control the consumption of energy within their homes. The outcome of the study showed that the average house could have its annual electricity boll reduced by 10 percent. This could be a saving of nearly $200 billion in the USA alone. The overall result would leave homeowners with lower rates, and have the environmental impact of taking the equivalent to 30 million vehicles off the road. With such a massive stake to gain, it is clear why there is a big drive for Smart Grids in the 21st century.    What is ETAP? ETAP is a fully integrated suite of software products that can be used to model an electrical power system. It offers real time calculated simulation of a designed electrical power system model. It can simulate an electrical power system from generation, to transmission, through distribution, down to the end user. We use ETAP as a simulation package to model and predict behaviours of electrical power grids before they are constructed. This results in an efficient and safe method of designing and constructing an electrical power grid. I propose to design an electrical power grid, which will provide power to an Electric Arc Furnace. The furnace will have many of different loads that vary from charging electrodes, to large cooling water pumps. The power for the Electric Arc Furnace will be provided from two independent sources. A Steam Generator Power Station and a Wind Farm. The Electric Arc Furnace will have three vertical electrodes that conduct an alternating current that forms an arc between them and the layers of the scrap metal in the furnace, causing the metal to melt. Each electrode would use 5MVA of power at 11kV. As well as high power electrodes, the Electric Arc Furnace would require additional appliances. These include water-cooling pumps, auxiliary oil pumps and induced air draft fans. These appliances will all operate at 415V. To provide power to the power hungry Electric Arc Furnace there will be two power sources located on the same site as the furnace. The first will be a Steam Power Station. Two steam-powered generators will produce a combined power output of 240MW. They will generate at 33KV and the voltage will be dropped down for distribution and transmission. The Power Station will have its own appliances similar to the Electric Arc Furnace that will enable it to generate electricity. There will be four motors used by the high-pressure steam boilers in the power station. To ensure that there is a constant supply of electricity for the power stations motors there will be a connection to the National Power Grid. This connection to the grid is will only necessary when Turbo Alternator 1 2 are both not generating electricity for the network. During normal operation, the circuit breakers to the grid will be open. Two steam driven turbine generators are not the only power sources in the electrical network. Placed on the same site as the Electrical Arc Furnace will be two Wind Turbine Generators. The two Wind Turbines will generate a combined 4MW at 11KV. These two generators will be renewable energy sources that harness the energy in passing wind. They will not require fossil fuels unlike the power station. Similar to the Power Station, there will be a supply to the Wind Farm from the National Grid. This is to provide start up power for the Wind turbines. Once the turbines are operational, the link to the National Grid is will not be required. During normal operation, the circuit breakers to the grid will be open. Transmission of power between the three sites outlined will be via overhead 66KV transmission lines. Electricity will drop down to the usable voltage at each site via transformers. Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section To the right is the Power Plant section of the electrical power grid. It is the main source of electricity for the grid. It provides power from two 120MW steam turbine generators. It has a link to the Utility Grid but this is only enabled when the two generators are not generating or when they running up. The Generator auxiliary pumps always require power from either the grid connection or the Turbine Alternators to enable the Turbine Alternators to generate power. This section has two links to the rest of the electrical power grid. The first connection is to the Wind Farm Section via a 66kV line. The second connection is via a 66kV line to the Electric Arc Furnace Electric Arc Furnace Section To the right is the Electric Arc Furnace Section of the Electrical Power Grid. It is the main consumer of electricity in the grid. It consumes power through three 5MVA Arc Electrodes. The Electrodes are used in the Electric Arc Furnace process to create iron from raw materials. For the process to operate successfully all three electrodes and their cooling pumps must be operational. If there is a drop in power provided to the process then it may become endangered because of the high temperatures involved. Due to this danger through loss of power, there must be redundant power supplies to the process. These supplies are provided from a 66kV line from the Power Station Section and a 66kV from the Wind Farm Section. If one were to fail there would always be a redundant supply from the other to provide power to the Electric Arc Furnace Process. Wind Farm Section Below is the Wind Farm Section of the Electrical Power Grid. It is a source of renewable energy for the grid. Renewable energy is provided by two 2MW Wind Turbines, which generate electricity when wind turns the generator windings. There is no consumers of electricity on this section leaving it completely independent of the rest of the grid in the event that both its lines are lost. This is highly unlikely as there is a 66kV line to the Power Station Section and a 66kV to the Electric Arc Furnace Section. A second link to the Utility Grid provides a backup in case the first connection at the Power Station Section fails. Transmission Lines My electrical power grid has 3 separate sections interconnected by transmission lines. These transmission connections provide redundancy protection in the event a section connection faults. The main electricity producers for the electrical power-grid operate at 11kV but for transmission purposes, the power is transmitted at 66kV. This is because line losses are much lower at higher transmission voltages over large distances. Having lower line losses improves the efficiency of transmitting the power, therefore resulting in operational cost savings. The smaller the cross sectional area of the cables, the less the loss to heat dissipation. Large voltages require smaller surface area, resulting in less line loss. In my example of a power-grid, the voltage is being stepped up at the generating section, transmitted through the transmission line to a load section, and then stepped down to lower voltages required by the load. This is shown in the following equation: P is fixed by customer demand. R is as small as reasonably practicable by using large copper transmission lines. Therefore, line loss decreases strongly with increasing voltage. Whilst transmission line companies wish to keep transmission lines are thick as possible to decrease the resistance in them, it has to be within financial reason. Load Flow Study During the design stages of an electrical power-grid, a load flow study should be performed. A load flow study can outline if electrical grid voltages stay within their specified limits during normal or emergency operating conditions. The study also determines whether equipment such as conductors and transformers are overloaded. A successful load flow study can calculate the voltage at each bus, the voltage drop on each feeder, and the power flow and losses in all branch and feeder circuits. The most common uses for load flow studies include: Optimisation of components Identifying reactive and real power flows Reduce kW and kVar losses The important data retrieved from a load flow study is the voltage profile of the electrical power-grid. When voltage changes a lot throughout the system, large reactive flows will occur. This will then lead to larger real power losses. When a bus has an unacceptably low voltage, it is essential to install capacitor banks in order to provide reactive power compensation to the load. AN INEFFICIENT OR UNBALANCED LOAD CAN CAUSE UNPREDICTABLE BEHAVIOR Complete Electrical Network Power Plant Section Below shows the redesign of the Power Plant Section of the Electrical Power Grid. Outlined by a red circle, a capacitor bank has been added to the 415V Auxiliary Pump Bus. It can be switched on and off when P.F correction is needed. Electric Arc Furnace Section Below shows the redesign of the Electric Arc Furnace Section of the Electrical Power Grid. Two capacitors have been added to improve the power factor. A capacitor has been added to the 415V Cooling Pumps Bus. A capacitor has been added to the 11kV Electrode Bus. It can be switched on and off when P.F correction is needed. Wind Farm Section No change has been made to the Wind Farm Section of the Electrical Power Grid. Harmonics Filters Harmonic currents and voltages in an electric power grid are the outcome of non-linear loads. Harmonics in power grids produce higher temperatures electrical equipment and conductors, faults in variable frequency drives, and torque waves in motors. Power quality issues are the outcome of harmonic frequencies in the power grid. When designing an electrical power grid it is essential that of harmonics are reduced. The significant effect of harmonics in an electrical power grid is the increase of current in the system. This is more prominent in the third harmonic, which causes a large increase in the zero sequence current. This requires a lot of consideration in when designing an electric power grid to drive non-linear loads. Electric motors will incur losses due to large hysteresis losses caused by eddy currents in the iron core of the motor. Since the harmonics are at higher frequencies, they produce higher core losses in a motor than the power frequency would. The result of this is the increased heating of the motor core. If excessive, this will reduce the life of the motor. The 5th harmonic will introduce CEMF (counter electromotive force) in large motors, resulting in the opposite direction of rotation. CEMF does not have enough force to counteract the rotation, however it does reduce the rotating speed of the motor. Capacitor banks have been included on the re-design of the electrical power system on to reduce the effects of harmonics and bring Power Factor to a suitable value. Their value has been specifically calculated to suit each bus bar they fed. This compensates the reduction in Power Factor. Eaton, C. (2016). What is a smart grid. Swansea. Energy Networks. (n.d.). Who is my network operator? Retrieved from http://www.energynetworks.org/info/faqs/who-is-my-network-operator.html Engineering, E. (n.d.). ETAP Introduction. Retrieved from electrical-engineering-portal.com ETAP. (2016). Network Tutorial. Retrieved from https://etap.com Guilds, C. . (2016). Utilities Qualifications. Retrieved from www.cityandguilds.com à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Qualifications à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Utilities à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ º Utilities Networks, S. E. (n.d.). Training Documents. Retrieved from www.spenergynetworks.co.uk/pages/training.asp Power Skills Centre. (n.d.). Power System Protection. Retrieved from www.powerskillscentre.com/protection/power-system-protection-part-one Siemens. (2015). HVDC Benefits. Retrieved from Siemens: http://www.energy.siemens.com/br/en/power-transmission/hvdc/applications-benefits/hvdc-benefits.htm Udemy. (2015). ETAP Unified Electrical Grid Training. Retrieved from https://www.udemy.com/practical-etab/ Utility Engineering. (n.d.). Grid Training. Retrieved from www.utilityengineering.co.uk/electrical%20training.html Vinici Energies. (n.d.). Smart Grid Ideoligy. Retrieved from http://www.vinci-energies.com/en/its-already-tomorrow/towards-managed-energy/smart-grids-electrical-networks-that-evolve-in-response-to-usage/

Cebu My Hometown Essay

Cebu is located in central visayas approximately 1 hour from manila via airplane, Cebu is known for delicious roasted pork and famous in the works of guitars and delicious pastries. Cebu is one of the famous cities around the country as â€Å"Famous Places in Philippines† by ShareRanks three years ago. I will tell you the beautiful sights and relaxing places located in Cebu but not all. First is the Trans-central Highway a 33 kilometer long road from barangay Lahug Cebu city to Balamban(my home town). Some views in Trans-central are breath taking, and it is a 930 ft. above sea level highway. Island in the Sky is one of the best place to visit in Trans-central Highway, they have a small swimming pool and a short hanging bridge, and cottages that you can hang out and eat with your family and friends. Adventure Cafe also located in Trans-central Highway, walking distance from Island in the Sky, and good thing about Adventure Cafe is their adventure base activities such as zip line, wall climbing, rappelling, and stress walk, but honestly haven’t tried their activies, maybe when I go back. There are more place to visit in Trans-central Highway, buy i can only mention two places you can visit. And the last place I want to share is the Whale shark watching, it’s not in Trans-central Highway, there is no whales in 930 ft. above sea level. (haha) It is located in Tan-awan, Oslob, Cebu, 2-3 hours travel or around 177 kilometers south from the Cebu City. There are beaches that offers a tour and rentals for motor banka, but it is very expensive for non-Oslob residents. Whale shark watching is not only available in south side Cebu, but also in north side Cebu. So today I told you the beauty that you can find in my home town, But that’s not all, there are plenty of places you can discover by yourself.

Parenthood Is Affordable, The United States Department Of...

Many men and women in America don’t have insurance or simply cannot afford health care. Planned Parenthood does have professional doctors who specialized in many reproductive health services. Planned Parenthood is affordable, the program takes a patient whether they have insurance or not, not only that, they charge you by how much income you make. Low income Americans have access to these services too. â€Å"The United States Department of Health, Education and Welfare, for example, created a federal program to provide poor, married women with birth control. (Alan Guttmacher Institute)† â€Å"One in five American women have used the group’s services, and three out of four of its patients are considered to have low incomes. (Lynn M. Zott)† According†¦show more content†¦Texas is one of the states that cut funds for Planned Parenthood. After Texas defunded the clinic, a survey of 300 pregnant women who were seeking abortions in Texas said that they were unable to access the birth control that they wanted to use in the three months before pregnancy. (Amanda J. Stevenson). According to the article, â€Å"Political Attacks on Planned Parenthood Are a Threat to Women s Health† for some people, Planned Parenthood has come to symbolize abortion, which it has provided since 1970. But in all the rhetoric, facts have sometimes gone missing. For example, Senator Jon Kyl of Arizona declared on the floor of the Senate that abortion accounts for well over 90 percent of what Planned Parenthood does. That figure is actually 3 percent. Planned Parenthood clinics perform one in four abortions in the U.S. but use no federal funds for this practice. To some abortion opponents, that 3 percent is reason enough to gut the organization. If a future Congress and White House were to do so, however, it would drive women once again into the back alleys, without necessarily decreasing the number of abortions. Stripping Planned Parenthood of federal funding would also sacrifice the 97 percent of its public health work that has nothing to do with abortion, from which many people benefit directly. One in five American women have used the group s services, and three out of fourShow MoreRelatedHistorical Perspective Of The Services Provided And The Funding Or Lack Thereof1362 Words   |  6 PagesHistorical Perspective of the Services Provided and the Funding or Lack Thereof Planned Parenthood is an organization dedicated to fighting for women’s health and rights as well as equality (History and Success, 2015). Margaret Sanger, an activist, sex educator, writer, and nurse is credited for finding the organization. She knew the effects firsthand of what women went through when dealing with an unwanted pregnancy. 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Pros And Cons Of Forensic Pathology - 1542 Words

In this paper, I will discuss the background of forensic pathology, the pros and cons of forensic pathology, and the similar and different in a forensic pathologist and a coroner. There are various disciplines in Forensic Science that can help with a crime, and solving that crime. One of these various disciplines is Forensic Pathology which the study of disease, and its causes, moreover; it involves the discovering the cause of the death where a death is sudden or suspicion to law enforcement. While a Forensic Pathologist can be helpful to law enforcement, and helpful in assisting in crime investigation, there are cons to being forensic pathologist. Furthermore, forensic pathologist can be confused with coroner even though they do the same†¦show more content†¦First, they must graduate from an accredited college or university with a bachelor’s degree in a science like anatomy which can be two to four years long. Secondly, they must graduate from an accredited medical school which can be four years. Thirdly, they past the Medical College Admission Test or the MCAT, complete the forensic pathology residency which can be three to four years longs, and complete the forensic pathology fellowship which can be one to two year long. After about sixteen years in school, they have to pass examination and receive a certification in anatomic pathology and forensic pathology through the American Board of Pathology which have to be renewed every ten years, and they get their State medical license. While a forensic pathologist and coroners can be sometime be if they are the same professions, but, they are two different professions who have different training, different job responsibilities, and different employment. Forensic pathologists have medical background, and they may or may not be a part of law enforcement. Forensic pathologist have to receive a board certification and they are appointed to their positions. On the other side, coroners are elected into officers, and they may or may not have medical background. While some coroners have medical backgrounds, have law enforcement background, have funeral home background or have all three in theirShow MoreRelatedMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 Pages2741(b) of the Public Health Service 24 Act; or †¢HR 3962 IH VerDate Nov 24 2008 12:56 Oct 30, 2009 Jkt 089200 PO 00000 Frm 00017 Fmt 6652 Sfmt 6201 E:\BILLS\H3962.IH H3962 18 1 (ii) is medically eligible for the pro- 2 gram by virtue of being an individual de- 3 scribed in subsection (d) at any time dur- 4 ing the 6-month period ending on the date 5 the individual applies for high-risk pool 6 coverage under this section; 7 8